I te whanaketanga tonu o te pūtaiao me te hangarau, kua whānui haere te whakamahinga o ngā pūoko oneone i roto i ngā mara o te ahuwhenua, te tiaki taiao me te aroturuki taiao. Ina koa, kua noho te pūoko oneone e whakamahi ana i te kawa SDI-12 hei taputapu nui i roto i te aroturuki oneone nā te mea he pai, he tika, he pono hoki ōna āhuatanga. Ka whakaatuhia e tēnei pepa te kawa SDI-12, te mātāpono mahi o tōna pūoko oneone, ngā take whakamahinga, me ngā ia whanaketanga ā muri ake nei.
1. He tirohanga whānui mō te kawa SDI-12
Ko te SDI-12 (Serial Data Interface at 1200 baud) he kawa whakawhitiwhiti raraunga i hangaia mō te aroturuki taiao, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā mara o ngā pūoko wai, huarere me te oneone. Ko ōna āhuatanga matua ko:
He iti te kaha e pau ana: He iti rawa te kaha e pau ana i te taputapu SDI-12 i te aratau tūtatari, ā, he pai mō ngā taputapu aroturuki taiao e hiahia ana kia roa te wā e whakamahia ana.
Hononga maha-pūoko: Mā te kawa SDI-12 ka taea te hono atu ki te 62 ngā pūoko mā te raina whakawhitiwhiti kōrero kotahi, e āwhina ana i te kohikohinga o ngā momo raraunga rerekē i te wāhi kotahi.
Māmā te pānui raraunga: Mā te SDI-12 ka taea te tono raraunga mā roto i ngā whakahau ASCII māmā hei whakahaere māmā i te kaiwhakamahi me te tukatuka raraunga.
Teitei o te tika: Ko ngā pūoko e whakamahi ana i te kawa SDI-12 he tino tika te ine, he mea e tika ana mō te rangahau pūtaiao me ngā tono ahuwhenua pai.
2. Te kaupapa mahi o te pūoko oneone
Ko te pūoko oneone putanga SDI-12 e whakamahia ana hei ine i te makuku oneone, te pāmahana, te EC (te kawe hiko) me ētahi atu tawhā, ā, ko tōna mātāpono mahi penei:
Te ine i te makuku: Ko ngā pūoko makuku oneone e hangai ana ki te mātāpono o te kaha, te ātete rānei. Ina kitea te makuku oneone, ka whakarerekē te makuku i ngā āhuatanga hiko o te pūoko (pēnei i te kaha, te ātete rānei), ā, mai i ēnei huringa, ka taea e te pūoko te tatau i te makuku whanaunga o te oneone.
Ine pāmahana: He maha ngā pūoko oneone e whakauru ana i ngā pūoko pāmahana, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia te hangarau whakamahana, te hangarau takirua wera rānei, hei whakarato raraunga pāmahana oneone i te wā tūturu.
Te ine i te kawe hiko: Ko te kawe hiko te mea e whakamahia whānuitia ana hei aromatawai i te nui o te tote o te oneone, e pā ana ki te tipu o te hua me te mimiti wai.
Tukanga Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero: Ina pānuihia e te pūoko ngā raraunga, ka tukuna te uara ine i roto i te hōputu ASCII ki te kaitātari raraunga, ki te kaihautū rānei mā roto i ngā tohutohu a SDI-12, he mea watea mō te rokiroki me te tātari raraunga i muri mai.
3. Te whakamahinga o te pūoko oneone SDI-12
Ahuwhenua tino tika
I roto i ngā mahi ahuwhenua maha, ka tautokohia e te pūoko oneone SDI-12 ngā whakatau whakamakuku pūtaiao mā te aroturuki i te makuku me te pāmahana oneone i te wā tūturu. Hei tauira, mā te pūoko oneone SDI-12 kua tāutahia ki te mara, ka taea e ngā kaimahi pāmu te tiki raraunga makuku oneone i te wā tūturu, e ai ki ngā hiahia wai o ngā hua, ka ārai i te para wai, ka whakapai ake i te hua me te kounga o ngā hua.
Te aroturukitanga taiao
I roto i te kaupapa tiaki taiao me te aroturuki taiao, ka whakamahia te pūoko oneone SDI-12 hei aroturuki i te pānga o ngā poke ki te kounga o te oneone. Ka whakamahia e ētahi kaupapa whakaora taiao ngā pūoko SDI-12 ki roto i te oneone poke hei aroturuki i ngā huringa o te kukū o ngā konganuku taumaha me ngā matū i roto i te oneone i te wā tonu hei tautoko raraunga mō ngā mahere whakaora.
Rangahau mō te huringa āhuarangi
I roto i ngā rangahau huringa āhuarangi, he mea nui te aroturuki i te makuku oneone me ngā huringa pāmahana mō te rangahau āhuarangi. Ka whakaratohia e te pūoko SDI-12 ngā raraunga mō ngā raupapa wā roa, e āhei ai ngā kairangahau ki te tātari i ngā pānga o te huringa āhuarangi ki ngā whanaketanga wai oneone. Hei tauira, i ētahi wā, i whakamahia e te tīma rangahau ngā raraunga roa mai i te pūoko SDI-12 hei tātari i ngā ia o te makuku oneone i raro i ngā āhuatanga āhuarangi rerekē, e whakarato ana i ngā raraunga whakatikatika tauira āhuarangi nui.
4. Ngā kēhi tūturu
Take 1:
I roto i tētahi māra hua nui i California, i whakamahia e ngā kairangahau te pūoko oneone SDI-12 hei aroturuki i te makuku me te pāmahana o te oneone i te wā tonu. He maha ngā momo rākau hua e whakatipuhia ana e te pāmu, tae atu ki ngā aporo, ngā hua karaka me ētahi atu. Mā te whakanoho i ngā pūoko SDI-12 ki waenganui i ngā momo rākau rerekē, ka taea e ngā kaimahi pāmu te tiki tika i te āhua makuku o te oneone o ia pakiaka rākau.
Te Pānga Whakatinanatanga: Ka honoa ngā raraunga ka kohia e te pūoko ki ngā raraunga āhuarangi, ā, ka whakarerekētia e ngā kaimahi pāmu te pūnaha whakamakuku kia rite ki te makuku tuturu o te oneone, kia kore ai e moumou ngā rauemi wai i puta mai i te whakamakuku nui rawa. Hei tāpiri, mā te aroturukitanga wā-tūturu o ngā raraunga pāmahana oneone ka āwhina i ngā kaimahi pāmu ki te arotau i te wā whakatō me te whakahaere pepeke. I whakaatuhia e ngā hua kua piki ake te hua katoa o te māra hua mā te 15%, ā, kua piki ake te whai huatanga o te whakamahinga wai mā te neke atu i te 20%.
Take 2:
I roto i tētahi kaupapa tiaki repo i te rawhiti o te Hononga o Amerika, i whakamahia e te tīma rangahau he raupapa pūoko oneone SDI-12 hei aroturuki i ngā taumata o te wai, te tote me ngā poke rauropi i roto i ngā oneone repo. He mea nui ēnei raraunga mō te aromatawai i te hauora taiao o ngā repo.
Te Pānga Whakatinanatanga: Mā te aroturuki tonu, i kitea he hononga tika i waenga i te huringa o te taumata wai o te oneone repo me te huringa whakamahinga whenua e karapoti ana. I whakaatuhia e te tātaritanga o ngā raraunga i piki ake ngā taumata tote o te oneone huri noa i ngā repo i ngā wā o te mahi ahuwhenua nui, ā, i pā ki te kanorau koiora o ngā repo. I runga i ēnei raraunga, kua whakawhanakehia e ngā tari tiaki taiao ngā tikanga whakahaere tika, pērā i te whakawhāiti i te whakamahinga wai ahuwhenua me te whakatairanga i ngā tikanga ahuwhenua tauwhiro, hei whakaiti i te pānga ki te rauropi repo, ā, mā reira ka āwhina i te tiaki i te kanorau koiora o te rohe.
Take 3:
I roto i tētahi rangahau ā-ao mō te huringa āhuarangi, i whakatūria e ngā kaipūtaiao he whatunga o ngā pūoko oneone SDI-12 i ngā rohe āhuarangi rerekē, pērā i ngā rohe pārūrū, ngā rohe āhuarangi me te makariri, hei aroturuki i ngā tohu matua pērā i te makuku oneone, te pāmahana me te ihirangi waro waro. Ka kohia e ēnei pūoko ngā raraunga i te auau teitei, e whakarato ana i te tautoko ā-wheako nui mō ngā tauira āhuarangi.
Te pānga whakatinanatanga: I whakaatuhia e te tātari raraunga he pānga nui te makuku oneone me ngā huringa pāmahana ki te tere pirau o te waro waro oneone i raro i ngā āhuatanga āhuarangi rerekē. Mā ēnei kitenga ka tautokohia e ngā raraunga te whakapai ake i ngā tauira āhuarangi, ā, ka taea e te rōpū rangahau te matapae tika ake i te pānga pea o te huringa āhuarangi ā muri ake nei ki te rokiroki waro oneone. Kua whakaatuhia ngā hua o te rangahau ki ētahi huihuinga āhuarangi o te ao, ā, kua arohia e te tini.
5. Te au whanaketanga ā muri ake nei
I te tere o te whanaketanga o te ahuwhenua atamai me te whakapainga o ngā whakaritenga tiaki taiao, ka taea te whakarāpopoto i te ia whanaketanga ā-muri o ngā pūoko oneone kawa SDI-12 penei:
Te whakaurunga teitei ake: Ka whakauruhia e ngā pūoko o muri mai ētahi atu mahi ine, pērā i te aroturukitanga huarere (pāmahana, haumākū, pēhanga), hei whakarato i te tautoko raraunga whānui ake.
Te mātauranga whakarei ake: I te honotanga ki te hangarau Ipurangi o ngā Mea (IoT), ka whai tautoko whakatau atamai ake te pūoko oneone SDI-12 mō te tātari me ngā taunakitanga i runga i ngā raraunga wā-tūturu.
Whakaaturanga raraunga: Ā muri ake nei, ka mahi tahi ngā pūoko me ngā tūāpapa kapua, ngā taupānga pūkoro rānei, hei whakaatu i ngā raraunga, kia taea ai e ngā kaiwhakamahi te tiki mōhiohio oneone i te wā tika, me te whakahaere i te whakahaerenga whai hua ake.
Te whakaiti i ngā utu: I te haere tonu o te pakari o te hangarau me te whakapai ake i ngā tukanga hanga, e matapaetia ana ka heke te utu hanga o ngā pūoko oneone SDI-12, ā, ka whānui haere te wātea.
Whakamutunga
He ngāwari te whakamahi i te pūoko oneone putanga SDI-12, he whai hua, ā, ka taea te whakarato raraunga oneone pono, he taputapu nui tēnei hei tautoko i te ahuwhenua tika me te aroturuki taiao. Mā te auahatanga tonu me te rongonuitanga o te hangarau, ka whakaratohia e ēnei pūoko he tautoko raraunga tino nui hei whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te whakaputa ahuwhenua me ngā mahi tiaki taiao, ka whai wāhi ki te whanaketanga pumau me te hanganga o te ao taiao.
Wā tuku: 15 Paenga-whāwhā 2025