Ngā Āhuatanga o te Wā Ua o te Paramu me ngā Hiahia Aroturuki i te Ua
Ko te ua paramu (Meiyu) he āhuatanga motuhake o te ua i puta i te wā e ahu whakamua ana ki te raki o te hauhautanga raumati o Āhia ki te Rawhiti, e pā ana ki te awa o Yangtze o Haina, te Moutere o Honshu o Hapani, me Korea ki te Tonga. E ai ki te paerewa ā-motu o Haina "Meiyu Monitoring Indicators" (GB/T 33671-2017), ka taea te wehewehe i ngā rohe ua paramu o Haina kia toru ngā rohe: Jiangnan (I), Yangtze Waenga-Raro (II), me Jianghuai (III), he rerekē ngā rā tīmatanga o ia rohe—ko te rohe o Jiangnan ka uru tuatahi ki te wā Meiyu i te 9 o Hune, ā, muri iho ko Yangtze Waenga-Raro i te 14 o Hune, me Jianghuai i te 23 o Hune. Nā tēnei rerekētanga ā-wāhi, ā-wā hoki, ka hiahiatia he aroturukitanga nui, tonu hoki mō te ua, ka whakarato i ngā whai wāhitanga whānui mō ngā ine ua.
I te tīmatanga o te wā ua o te tau 2025, i kitea ngā ia o te tīmatanga o te ua paramu—i tae mai ngā rohe o Jiangnan me Yangtze o Waenga-Raro ki Meiyu i te 7 o Hune (2-7 ngā rā i mua atu i te tikanga), i te mea i tīmata te rohe o Jianghuai i te 19 o Hune (4 ngā rā i mua atu). Nā ēnei taenga wawe i whakanui ake te tere o te aukati i te waipuke. He roa te ua paramu, he kaha te ua, ā, he whānui te kapinga—hei tauira, i nui ake te ua o Yangtze o Waenga-Raro i te tau 2024 i ngā toharite o mua mā te 50% neke atu, ā, i pāngia ētahi rohe e te "Meiyu nanakia" e te waipuke nui. I roto i tēnei horopaki, ko te aroturuki tika i te ua te tūāpapa o te whakatau whakahaere waipuke.
He nui ngā herenga o ngā tirotiro ua ā-ringa tuku iho: he iti te auau ine (ko te tikanga 1-2 ngā wā i te rā), he puhoi te tuku raraunga, ā, kāore e taea te hopu i te ua nui mō te wā poto. Mā ngā ine ua aunoa hou e whakamahi ana i ngā mātāpono o te peere-hurihuri, te pauna rānei, ka taea te aroturuki i ia meneti, i ia hēkona rānei, me te tuku raraunga wā-tūturu ahokore e whakapai ake ana i te wā me te tika. Hei tauira, ko te pūnaha ine ua peere-hurihuri i te Puna Wai o Sanduxi i Zhejiang ka tukuatu tika i ngā raraunga ki ngā papaaho wai ā-rohe, ka tutuki ai te aroturuki ua "watea me te whai hua".
Ko ngā wero hangarau matua ko: te pupuri i te tika i te wā ua nui (hei tauira, 660mm i roto i ngā rā e 3 i te Tāone o Taiping i Hubei i te tau 2025—1/3 o te ua ia tau); te pono o ngā taputapu i roto i ngā taiao makuku; me te whakanoho i ngā teihana tika i roto i ngā whenua uaua. Ka aro atu ngā ine ua hou ki ēnei mā te whakamahi i ngā rauemi ārai-waikura kore-waikura, te tāruarua o ngā peere takahuri rua, me te hiko o te rā. Ka whakahoutia e ngā whatunga matotoru e whakahohea ana e te IoT pērā i te pūnaha "Digital Levee" o Zhejiang ngā raraunga ua ia 5 meneti mai i te 11 teihana.
He mea nui, kei te kaha haere ngā huringa āhuarangi i ngā āhuatanga tino kino o Meiyu—ko te ua o Meiyu i te tau 2020 he 120% i runga ake i te toharite (te mea teitei rawa mai i te tau 1961), e hiahia ana kia whakamahia ngā ine ua me ngā whānuitanga ine whānui, te ātete pānga, me te tuku pono. Ka tautokohia hoki e ngā raraunga Meiyu te rangahau āhuarangi, hei whakamōhio i ngā rautaki urutau mō te wā roa.
Ngā Taupānga Auaha i Haina
Kua whakawhanakehia e Haina ngā pūnaha aroturuki ua whānui, mai i ngā tirotiro ā-ringa tuku iho ki ngā otinga IoT atamai, me ngā ine ua e whanake ana hei pūnga nui o ngā whatunga wai atamai.
Ngā Whatunga Whakahaere Waipuke Mamati
Ko te pūnaha "Digital Levee" o te Rohe o Xiuzhou he tauira o ngā tono hou. Mā te whakauru i ngā ine ua me ētahi atu pūoko wai, ka tukuatuhia ngā raraunga i ia 5 meneti ki tētahi tūāpapa whakahaere. "I mua, i ine ā-ringa mātou i te ua mā te whakamahi i ngā rango kua tohua - kāore i te whai hua, ā, he morearea i te pō. Ināianei, ka whakaratohia e ngā taupānga pūkoro ngā raraunga wā-tūturu puta noa i te puna wai," te kī a Jiang Jianming, te Kaiwhakahaere Tuarua o te Tari Ahuwhenua o te Tāone o Wangdian. Mā tēnei ka taea e ngā kaimahi te arotahi ki ngā mahi matatau pēnei i ngā tirotiro pareparenga, ka whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te urupare waipuke mā te neke atu i te 50%.
I te Tāone o Tongxiang, ka whakakotahi te pūnaha "Mana Whakahaere Wai Maamaa" i ngā raraunga mai i ngā teihana telemetry 34 me ngā matapae taumata wai 72-hāora e whakamahia ana e te AI. I te wā o Meiyu o te tau 2024, i tukuna e ia e 23 ngā pūrongo ua, e 5 ngā whakatūpato waipuke, me te 2 ngā whakatūpato rere tihi, e whakaatu ana i te tūranga matua o te wai hei "kanohi me ngā taringa" o te whakahaere waipuke. Ka tautokohia e ngā raraunga ine ua taumata-meneti ngā tirohanga radar/amiorangi, ka hanga he anga aroturuki maha-ahu.
Ngā tono mō te puna wai me te ahuwhenua
I roto i te whakahaere rauemi wai, ka whakamahia e te Puna Wai o Sanduxi o Yongkang ngā ine aunoa i ngā manga awa e 8 me ngā ine ā-ringa hei whakapai ake i te whakamakuku. "Mā te whakakotahi i ngā tikanga ka whakarite kia tika te tohatoha wai me te whakapai ake i te aunoatanga o te aroturuki," te whakamārama a te kaiwhakahaere a Lou Qinghua. Ka whakamōhio tika ngā raraunga ua i te whakaritenga whakamakuku me te tohatoha wai.
I te tīmatanga o Meiyu i te tau 2025, i whakamahia e te Whare Pūtaiao Wai o Hubei tētahi pūnaha matapae waipuke wā-tūturu e whakauru ana i ngā matapae huarere 24/72-hāora me ngā raraunga puna wai. Mā te whakaoho i ngā whakatauira tupuhi e 26 me te tautoko i ngā hui ohorere e 5, ka whakawhirinaki te pono o te pūnaha ki ngā inenga ua tika.
Ngā Whakatairanga Hangarau
He maha ngā mahi hou a ngā ine ua hou:
- Ine Ranu: Te whakakotahi i ngā mātāpono o te peere-whakaheke me te pauna hei pupuri i te tika puta noa i ngā kaha (0.1-300mm/h), me te aro ki ngā ua rerekē o Meiyu.
- Hoahoa Horoi-ā-Whaiaro: Ka ārai ngā pūoko ultrasonic me ngā paninga hydrophobic i te kohikohinga o ngā paru—he mea nui i te wā ua nui o Meiyu. E ai ki a Oki Electric o Hapani, e 90% te hekenga o te tiaki me ēnei pūnaha.
- Rorohiko Tapa: Ka tātarihia e te tukatuka raraunga i runga i te pūrere te haruru, ka tautuhia hoki ngā kaupapa tino kino i te rohe, kia mau ai te pono ahakoa ngā raruraru whatunga.
- Whakaurunga Maha-Tauwhā: Ka inehia e ngā teihana whakakotahi o Kōrea ki te Tonga te ua me te haumākū/pāmahana, ka whakapai ake i ngā matapae mō ngā horo whenua e pā ana ki Meiyu.
Ngā Wero me ngā Aronga o te Ao
Ahakoa te ahunga whakamua, kei te mau tonu ngā herenga:
- Ngā Āhuatanga Tino Kino: I utaina e te "Meiyu nanakia" o te tau 2024 i Anhui te kaha o ētahi inenga ki te 300mm/h
- Whakaurunga Raraunga: Ka ārai ngā pūnaha rerekē i te matapae waipuke puta noa i te rohe
- Te Taupoki Taiwhenua: Kāore i te rawaka ngā wāhi aroturuki i ngā maunga tūmatanui
Ko ngā otinga hou ko:
- Ngā Ine Pūkoro i Whakatakotoria ki te Taraneti: I whakamātauhia e te MWR o Haina ngā ine i haria e te UAV mō te tere o te whakatinanatanga i ngā waipuke o te tau 2025
- Manatoko Poraka mekameka: Ka whakarite ngā kaupapa whakamātautau i Zhejiang i te pumau o ngā raraunga mō ngā whakataunga nui
- Matapae Pūmanawa AI: Ka whakaitihia e te tauira hou o Shanghai ngā whakaoho teka mā te 40% mā te ako mīhini
I te kaha haere o te rerekētanga o Meiyu i te huringa āhuarangi, ka hiahiatia e ngā ine o te whakatupuranga e whai ake nei:
- Te pakari ake (ātete ā-wai IP68, mahi -30°C~70°C)
- Ngā whānuitanga ine whānui (0~500mm/h)
- Whakaurunga pakari ake ki ngā whatunga IoT/5G
E ai ki te Kaiwhakahaere Jiang: "Ko te mea i tīmata hei ine ua māmā noa iho, kua noho hei tūāpapa mō te whakahaere wai atamai." Mai i te whakahaere waipuke ki te rangahau āhuarangi, kei te noho tonu ngā ine ua hei taputapu nui mō te manawanui i ngā rohe ua papura.
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