Papamuri o te Aroturukitanga Kounga Wai me ngā Hiahia Whakahaere Hauota i Vietnam
Hei whenua o Āhia ki te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti e tere haere ana te ahumahi me te noho tāone, e rua ngā pēhanga e pā ana ki te whakahaere rauemi wai o Vietnam. E whakaatu ana ngā tatauranga tata ki te 60% o te wai whenua me te 40% o te wai mata i Vietnam kua poke i ngā taumata rerekē, ko te parahanga moroiti me te matū ngā āwangawanga matua. I roto i ngā pūnaha tuku wai, ko te toenga o te chlorine – te wāhanga chlorine hohe e toe ana mai i te patu huakita – he mahi nui ki te whakarite i te haumaru o te wai. Kāore e ranea te toenga o te chlorine e taea te whakakore tonu i ngā pathogens i roto i ngā paipa, engari ko ngā taumata nui rawa ka puta he hua patu huakita. E taunaki ana te WHO kia mau tonu ngā kukū chlorine toenga i waenga i te 0.2-0.5mg/L i roto i te wai inu, ko te paerewa QCVN 01:2009/BYT a Vietnam e hiahia ana kia iti rawa te 0.3mg/L i ngā pito o ngā paipa.
He rerekētanga nui kei waenganui i ngā hanganga wai o te tāone me te taiwhenua. He tino pai ngā pūnaha tuku wai o ngā tāone nui pērā i a Hanoi me Ho Chi Minh City, engari he uaua ki te kite i ngā paipa tawhito me te poke tuarua. Tata ki te 25% o ngā taupori taiwhenua kāore tonu e uru atu ki te wai inu haumaru, me te whakawhirinaki nui ki ngā puna wai kāore i te pai te tukatuka, ki te wai mata rānei. Nā tēnei whanaketanga koretake ka puta he maha ngā whakaritenga mō ngā hangarau aroturuki haukini – me whai pūnaha ipurangi tino tika, wā-tūturu ngā tāone nui, ko ngā rohe taiwhenua ia e whakatairanga ana i te whai huatanga o te utu me te ngāwari o te whakahaere.
He maha ngā arai whakatinanatanga e pā ana ki ngā tikanga aroturuki tuku iho i Vietnam:
- E 4-6 hāora te roa o te tātari taiwhanga e hiahiatia ana e ngā kaimahi whakangungu
- He herenga ā-ringa te tango tauira nā te roa o te whenua me ngā pūnaha awa uaua o Vietnam.
- Kāore ngā raraunga kua momotu e whakarato i ngā māramatanga tonu mō ngā whakatikatika tukanga
I tino kitea ēnei here i ngā wā ohorere pērā i te turuturu o te haukini i te tau 2023 i tētahi papa ahumahi i te kawanatanga o Dong Nai.
Mā te hangarau pūoko hauota toenga ka tukuna he otinga hou mō te aroturuki wai o Vietnam. Ko ngā pūoko hou e whakamahi ana i ngā mātāpono hikohiko (polarography, ngaohiko pumau) me ngā mātāpono whatu (DPD colorimetry) hei ine tika i te hauota kore utu me te hauota katoa, ka tukuna ngā raraunga wā-tūturu mā ngā hononga waea, ahokore rānei. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā tikanga tuku iho, ka tere ake te urupare a tēnei hangarau (<30 hēkona), ka nui ake te tika (±0.02mg/L), ā, he iti ake te tiaki – he tino pai mō te āhuarangi pārūrū o Vietnam me ngā hiahia aroturuki ā-motuhake.
Mā ngā kaupapa "Smart City" a Vietnam me te kaupapa ā-motu "Clean Water" ka tautoko i ngā kaupapa here mō te whakamahi i ngā pūoko haukini. Ko te tau 2024Pūrongo Rangahau Whakawhanake me te Pūtea mō te Ahumahi Tātari Hauota Toenga o Vietname tohu ana i ngā mahere a te kāwanatanga ki te whakapai ake i ngā pūnaha aroturuki i roto i ngā tāone nui, me te whakatairanga i ngā taputapu aroturuki haukini ipurangi. I te wā kotahi, kua whakapiki ake te Manatū Hauora i te auau aroturuki e hiahiatia ana mai i ia marama ki ia rā i ngā wā tino nui, e akiaki ana i te hiahia mō ngā hangarau wā-tūturu.
Ripanga: Ngā Herenga Hauota Toenga i roto i ngā Paerewa Kounga Wai o Vietnam
| Momo Wai | Paerewa | Tepe Haumāota (mg/L) | Auautanga Aroturuki |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wai Inu ā-Taone | QCVN 01:2009/BYT | ≥0.3 (pito mutunga) | Ia rā (ngā tohu matua) |
| Wai Pounamu | QCVN 6-1:2010/BYT | ≤0.3 | Mō ia puranga |
| Puna Kaukau | QCVN 02:2009/BYT | 1.0-3.0 | Ia 2 hāora |
| Wai Para o te Hōhipera | QCVN 28:2010/BTNMT | ≤1.0 | Tonu |
| Whakamatao Ahumahi | Ngā Paerewa Ahumahi | 0.5-2.0 | E whakawhirinaki ana ki te tukanga |
E whakaatu ana te mākete pūoko o Vietnam i te noho tahi o te ao me te rohe, me ngā waitohu utu nui pēnei i a LAR o Tiamana me HACH o Amerika e whakahaere ana i ngā wāhanga utu nui, ko ngā kaihanga Hainamana pēnei i a Xi'an Yinrun (ERUN) me Shenzhen AMT e whiwhi ana i te wāhi mākete mā te utu whakataetae. He mea nui, kei te uru atu ngā kamupene Vietnam ki te hanga pūoko mā roto i ngā hononga hangarau, pēnei i ngā pūoko utu iti a tētahi kamupene kei Hanoi kua whakamatautauria angitu i roto i ngā kaupapa wai kura tuawhenua.
He maha ngā wero mō te urutaunga e pā ana ki te whāngai ā-rohe:
- Te haumākū pārūrū e pā ana ki ngā hikohiko
- He nui te pōuri e pā ana ki te tika o te whatu
- Te tuku hiko ā-wā i ngā rohe tuawhenua
Kua whakautu mai ngā kaihanga me te tiakitanga IP68, te horoi aunoa, me ngā kōwhiringa hiko o te rā hei whakarei ake i te pono i roto i ngā āhuatanga uaua o Whitināmu.
Ngā Mātāpono Hangarau me ngā Urutaunga Motuhake ki Vietnam
E toru ngā tikanga kimi matua e whakamahia ana e ngā pūoko hauota toenga i Vietnam, he mea e tika ana mō ia taiao me ngā tono rerekē.
Ko ngā pūoko polarographic, hei tauira, ko te ERUN-SZ1S-A-K6, te nuinga o ngā whakaurunga ā-tāone me ngā whakaurunga ahumahi. Ka ine ēnei i te rerekētanga o te au i waenga i ngā irahiko mahi me ngā irahiko tohutoro (ko ngā pūnaha irahiko koura te nuinga), e tuku ana i te tino tika (±1%FS) me te urupare tere (<30s). I te Whare Wai Nama 3 o te Tāone o Ho Chi Minh, i whakaatuhia e ngā hua polarographic he 98% te ōrite ki ngā paerewa DPD taiwhanga. Ko ngā tikanga horoi aunoa whakauru (ngā pūnaha paraihe) ka roa ake ngā wā tiaki ki te 2-3 marama – he mea nui mō ngā wai momona o Vietnam.
He tino pai ngā pūoko ngaohiko pumau (hei tauira, ngā pūnaha a LAR) i roto i ngā tono wai para matatini. Mā te whakamahi i te pūmanawa pumau me te ine i te iahiko hua, ka whakaatuhia e rātou te ātete pai ki ngā whanariki me te konupora - he mea tino nui ki ngā wai taumaha-rawaka o te tonga o Vietnam. Ka whakamahia e te tipu wai para ahumahi o Can Tho AKIZ tēnei hangarau me ngā pūnaha NitriTox hei pupuri i te haukini wai para i te 0.5-1.0mg/L.
Ka tutuki i ngā pūoko tae whatu pērā i te ZS4 a Blueview ngā hiahia maha-tawhā e aro nui ana ki te tahua. Ahakoa he puhoi ake (2-5 meneti), ko te kaha maha-tawhā e hangai ana ki te DPD (pH/turbidity i te wā kotahi) ka whakaiti i ngā utu mō ngā ratonga ā-rohe. Kua whakaitihia e ngā whanaketanga moroiti te whakamahinga o ngā matū matū mā te 90%, ka māmā ake ngā kawenga tiaki.
Ka taea hoki e mātou te whakarato i ngā momo otinga mō
1. Mita ringaringa mō te kounga wai maha-tawhā
2. Pūnaha Puai Mānu mō te kounga wai maha-taumata
3. Paraihe horoi aunoa mō te pūoko wai maha-tawhā
4. He huinga katoa o ngā tūmau me te pūmanawa ahokore, e tautoko ana i te RS485 GPRS /4g/WIFI/LORA/LORAWAN
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