Ngā tono hou i roto i te whakaoranga āwhati
Hei whenua moutere nui rawa atu o te ao e tū ana i te taha o te Mowhiti Ahi o te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa, kei te tūtaki tonu a Indonesia ki ngā tūmomo riri mai i ngā rū whenua, ngā tsunami, me ētahi atu āhuatanga taiao. He maha ngā wā kāore e whai hua ngā tikanga rapu me te whakaora tuku iho i roto i ngā āhuatanga uaua pēnei i te hinganga o ngā whare katoa, ā, mā te hangarau rongo radar e hangai ana ki te pānga Doppler ka puta he otinga auaha. I te tau 2022, i whakawhanakehia e tētahi rōpū rangahau tahi o Taiwana-Initonīhia tētahi pūnaha radar e taea ai te kite i te manawa o ngā morehu i roto i ngā pakitara raima, e tohu ana i tētahi pikinga nui i roto i ngā āheinga kite ora i muri i te āhuatanga kino.
Ko te auahatanga matua o te hangarau kei roto i tana whakaurunga o te radar Frequency-Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) me ngā rauropi tukatuka tohu matatau. E rua ngā raupapa ine tika e whakamahia ana e te pūnaha hei whakakore i te pokanoa tohu mai i ngā ururua: ko te tuatahi ka whakatau tata me te whakatika i te hapa i puta mai i ngā arai nui, ko te tuarua ka arotahi ki te kite i ngā nekehanga ngawari o te uma (te nuinga o te 0.5-1.5 cm te kaha) mai i te manawa ki te tohu i ngā wāhi i ora. E whakaatu ana ngā whakamātautau taiwhanga i te kaha o te pūnaha ki te uru ki ngā pakitara raima 40 cm te matotoru me te kite i te manawa tae atu ki te 3.28 mita i muri, me te tika o te tūnga i roto i te ±3.375 cm – he nui ake i ngā taputapu kite ora tuku iho.
I whakamanahia te whai huatanga o te mahi mā roto i ngā whakaaturanga whakaora whakaata. Me te tūnga o ngā tūao tokowhā i muri i ngā pakitara raima o ngā matotoru rerekē, i angitu te pūnaha ki te kite i ngā tohu manawa katoa o ngā tāngata i whakamatautauria, me te pupuri i te mahi pono ahakoa i raro i te āhua pakitara 40 cm tino uaua. Mā tēnei huarahi kore-pā ka whakakorea te hiahia o ngā kaiwhakaora ki te tomo ki ngā rohe morearea, ka whakaitihia te mōrearea o ngā whara tuarua. He rerekē ki ngā tikanga oro, infrared, whatu rānei tuku iho, ka mahi motuhake te radar Doppler i te pōuri, te paoa, te haruru rānei, ka taea ai te mahi 24/7 i te wā o te matapihi whakaora "72-haora koura" nui.
Ripanga: Whakataurite Mahi o ngā Hangarau Kitenga Ora Whakauru
| Tawhā | Rāti Doppler FMCW | Whakaahua Wera | Ngā Pūoko Oro | Ngā Kāmera Whatu |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Te urunga | raima 40cm | Kāore | He iti noa iho | Kāore |
| Awhe Kimi | 3.28m | Tirohanga-ā-rārangi | E whakawhirinaki ana ki waenga | Tirohanga-ā-rārangi |
| Te Tika o te Tūnga | ±3.375cm | ±50cm | ±1m | ±30cm |
| Ngā Here Taiao | Iti rawa | Te aro ki te pāmahana | Me ata noho | Me mārama |
| Wā Whakautu | Wā-tūturu | Hekona | Ngā Miniti | Wā-tūturu |
Ko te uara auaha o te pūnaha kei tua atu i ngā whakaritenga hangarau, engari ko tōna ngāwari ki te whakatinana. E toru noa ngā wāhanga o te taputapu katoa: he kōwae radar FMCW, he waeine rorohiko kiato, me te pākahiko lithium 12V – kei raro katoa i te 10kg hei kawe mā te kaiwhakahaere kotahi. He tino pai tēnei hoahoa māmā ki te whenua o ngā moutere o Initonīhia me ngā āhuatanga hanganga kua pakaru. Mā ngā mahere ki te whakauru i te hangarau ki ngā waka rererangi kore utu me ngā papaaho karetao ka whānui ake tōna toro atu ki ngā wāhi e kore e taea te uru atu.
Mai i te tirohanga a te hapori, ka taea e te radar kimi ora te whakarei ake i ngā kaha urupare ā-pāwera o Indonesia. I te wā o te rū whenua me te tsunami i Palu i te tau 2018, kāore i whai hua ngā tikanga tuku iho i roto i ngā ururua raima, ā, ka hua ake he mate ka taea te ārai. Mā te whakamahinga whānui o tēnei hangarau ka taea te whakapai ake i ngā reiti kimi i ngā morehu mā te 30-50% i roto i ngā āwhā rite, ka taea te whakaora i ngā rau, i ngā mano rānei o ngā oranga. E ai ki te Ahorangi Aloyius Adya Pramudita o Te Whare Wānanga o Telkom o Indonesia, he tino rite te whāinga matua o te hangarau ki te rautaki whakaiti i te mate o te Tari Whakahaere Āhuatanga Ārai Mate ā-Motu (BNPB): "te whakaiti i te mate o te tangata me te whakatere i te whakaoranga."
Kei te haere tonu ngā mahi hokohoko, me te mahi tahi a ngā kairangahau me ngā hoa ahumahi ki te huri i te tauira taiwhanga hei taputapu whakaora pakari. I runga i te maha o ngā mahi rū whenua o Initonīhia (neke atu i te 5,000 ngā rū i ia tau), ka taea te whakamahi i te hangarau hei taputapu paerewa mō te BNPB me ngā tari ā-rohe mō ngā āhuatanga kino. E whakatau ana te tīma rangahau ka tukuna te whenua ki roto i ngā tau e rua, ā, e matapaetia ana ka heke ngā utu mō ia wae mai i te tauira $15,000 o nāianei ki raro iho i te $5,000 i te tauine whānui – kia wātea ai mō ngā kāwanatanga ā-rohe puta noa i ngā kawanatanga 34 o Initonīhia.
Ngā Taupānga Whakahaere Waka Atamai
Nā te pūngao roa o ngā waka o Jakarta (ko te tuawhitu o ngā mea kino rawa atu o te ao) i akiaki i ngā tono auaha o te radar Doppler i roto i ngā pūnaha kawe waka atamai. Ko te kaupapa "Smart City 4.0" a te tāone e whakauru ana i ngā pūoko radar 800+ i ngā whakawhiti huarahi nui, ā, e tutuki ana i ēnei:
- 30% te whakaiti i te pupuhi o te waka i ngā hāora pīki mā te whakahaere tohu urutau
- 12% te whakapainga i te tere toharite o ngā waka (mai i te 18 ki te 20.2 km/h)
- He 45 hēkona te hekenga o te wā tatari toharite i ngā whakawhitinga ara pairati
Ka whakamahia e te pūnaha te mahi pai rawa atu a te radar Doppler 24GHz i te wā ua pārūrū (99% te tika o te kitenga, whakaritea ki te 85% mō ngā kāmera i te wā ua nui) hei aroturuki i te tere o ngā waka, te kiato, me te roa o te rarangi i te wā tūturu. Mā te whakaurunga raraunga ki te Pokapū Whakahaere Waka o Jakarta ka taea te whakarerekē i te wā tohu hihiri i ia 2-5 meneti i runga i te rere o ngā waka tūturu, kaua i ngā wātaka kua whakaritea.
Akoranga Take: Te Whakapai ake i te Ara o te Rori o Gatot Subroto
- 28 ngā pūoko radar kua tāutahia i te roanga 4.3km
- I whakaitihia e ngā tohu urutau te wā haere mai i te 25 ki te 18 meneti
- Kua heke ngā tukunga CO₂ mā te 1.2 tāne i ia rā
- 35% te iti iho o ngā takahi ture huarahi i kitea mā te whakatinanatanga aunoa
Te Aroturukitanga Wai mō te Ārai i te Waipuke
Kua whakauruhia e ngā pūnaha whakatūpato mō te waipuke o Initonīhia te hangarau radar Doppler puta noa i ngā awa nui e 18. Ko te kaupapa awa o Ciliwung te tauira o tēnei tono:
- E 12 ngā teihana radar rere o te awa e ine ana i te tere o te mata i ia 5 meneti
- I honoa ki ngā pūoko taumata wai ultrasonic mō te tatau i te tukunga
- Ngā raraunga i tukuna mā te GSM/LoRaWAN ki ngā tauira matapae waipuke matua
- Kua whakaroahia te wā whakatūpato i Jakarta Nui mai i te 2 ki te 6 hāora
He tino whai hua te ine kore-pā a te radar i ngā wā waipuke kapi tonu i ngā paru, ina kore e pai ngā mita iahiko tuku iho. Mā te tāutanga ki ngā piriti ka karohia ngā tūponotanga o roto i te wai, me te aroturuki tonu hoki i ngā mea kāore e pāngia e te paru.
Te Tiaki Ngāhere me te Tiaki Kararehe Mohoao
I roto i te Pūnaha Rauropi Leuser o Sumatra (te kāinga noho whakamutunga o ngā orangutan o Sumatra), ka āwhina te radar Doppler i:
- Te Tirotiro Ārai i te Tūkino Tangata
- Ka kitea e te radar 60GHz te nekehanga o te tangata i roto i ngā rau matotoru
- Ka wehewehe i ngā kaipahua mai i ngā kararehe me te 92% te tika
- E 5km te whānui mō ia waeine (e whakaritea ana ki te 500m mō ngā kāmera pūwero)
- Te Aroturuki i te Taupoki
- Ka whai te radar mirimita-ngaru i ngā tauira piu o ngā rākau
- Ka tautuhi i ngā mahi rākau turekore i te wā tūturu
- Kua whakaitihia te mahi rākau kore whakamanatanga mā te 43% i ngā wāhi whakamātautau
Mā te iti o te mana e pau ana i te pūnaha (15W/pūoko) ka taea te whakamahi i te pūngao rā i ngā wāhi tūmatanui, ka tukuna ngā whakatūpato mā te amiorangi ina kitea ngā mahi whakapae.
Ngā Wero me ngā Aronga o te Ao
Ahakoa ngā hua pai, he maha ngā arai e pā ana ki te whakatinanatanga whānui:
- Ngā Herenga Hangarau
- Ka taea e te haumākū teitei (>80% RH) te whakaiti i ngā tohu auau teitei ake
- Ka waihangahia e ngā taiao tāone kikī te pokanoa maha-ara
- He iti noa te tohungatanga hangarau ā-rohe mō te tiaki
- Ngā Take Ōhanga
- Ko ngā utu pūoko o nāianei ($3,000-$8,000/wāhanga) e wero ana i ngā tahua ā-rohe
- Kāore i te mārama ngā tataunga ROI mō ngā kaunihera e kore e whiwhi moni ana
- Te whakawhirinaki ki ngā kaiwhakarato o tāwāhi mō ngā wāhanga matua
- Ngā Ārai ā-Rohe
- He raruraru tonu te tiritiri raraunga puta noa i ngā tari
- Te korenga o ngā kawa paerewa mō te whakaurunga raraunga radar
- Ngā whakaroa ture i roto i te tohatoha i te whānuitanga o te hihi
Ko ngā otinga hou ko:
- Te whakawhanake i ngā pūnaha 77GHz ātete-haumākū
- Te whakatū i ngā whare huihuinga ā-rohe hei whakaiti i ngā utu
- Te waihanga i ngā kaupapa whakawhiti mātauranga a te kāwanatanga-mātauranga-ahumahi
- Te whakatinana i ngā rautaki whakatinanatanga ā-wāhanga, mai i ngā rohe whai pānga nui
Ko ngā tono ā muri ake nei kei te pae tawhiti ko:
- Ngā whatunga radar e hangai ana ki te waka rererangi mō te aromatawai i ngā āhuatanga kino
- Ngā pūnaha kimi whenua horo aunoa
- Te aroturukitanga atamai i ngā rohe hī ika hei ārai i te hī ika nui rawa
- Te aroturuki i te horo o te takutai me te tika o te ngaru mirimita
Mā te haumi tika me te tautoko kaupapa here, ka taea e te hangarau radar Doppler te noho hei poutokomanawa mō te panonitanga matihiko o Indonesia, e whakarei ake ana i te manawanui puta noa i ōna moutere 17,000, me te waihanga i ngā whai wāhitanga mahi hangarau hou i te rohe. E whakaatu ana te wheako o Indonesia me pēhea te whakarerekē i ngā hangarau matawai matatau hei aro atu ki ngā wero ahurei o ngā whenua whakawhanake ina whakatinanahia me ngā rautaki ā-rohe tika.
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Wā tuku: Pipiri-24-2025