I te haere tonu o te whanaketanga o te umanga ahumoana o te ao, he maha ngā wero e pā ana ki ngā tauira ahuwhenua tuku iho, tae atu ki te whakahaere kounga wai koretake, te aroturuki hāora wairewa hē, me ngā mōrearea ahuwhenua nui. I roto i tēnei horopaki, kua puta ake ngā pūoko hāora wairewa whatu i runga i ngā mātāpono whatu, e whakakapi haere ana i ngā pūoko hikohiko tuku iho me ō rātou painga o te tino tika, te mahi kore tiaki, me te aroturuki wā-tūturu, ka noho hei taputapu matua nui i roto i ngā mahi hī ika atamai hou. Ka whakaratohia e tēnei tuhinga he tātaritanga hohonu mō te aro o ngā pūoko hāora wairewa whatu ki ngā uauatanga o te umanga mā te auahatanga hangarau, e whakaatu ana i tā rātou mahi tino pai ki te whakapai ake i te pai o te mahi ahuwhenua me te whakaiti i ngā mōrearea mā roto i ngā take mahi, ā, e tūhura ana i ngā tirohanga whānui o tēnei hangarau ki te whakatairanga i te panonitanga atamai o te ahumoana.
Ngā Wāhi Mamae o te Ahumahi: Ngā Here o ngā Tikanga Aroturuki Hāora Whakarewa Tuku Iho
Kua roa te umanga ahumoana e aro ana ki ngā wero nui i roto i te aroturukitanga o te hāora wairewa, e pā tika ana ki te angitu o te mahi ahuwhenua me ngā painga ōhanga. I roto i ngā tauira ahuwhenua tuku iho, ka whakawhirinaki ngā kaimahi pāmu ki ngā tirotiro ā-ringa o ngā roto me te wheako ki te aromatawai i ngā taumata hāora wairewa i roto i te wai, he huarahi kāore i te whai hua anake engari ka pāngia hoki e ngā whakaroa nui. Ka taea e ngā kaimahi pāmu mātau te aromatawai ā-kore i ngā āhuatanga o te hypoxia mā te tirotiro i ngā whanonga o te mata o ngā ika, i ngā huringa rānei o ngā tauira kai, engari i te wā e puta mai ai ēnei tohu, kua puta kē ngā mate kāore e taea te whakakore. E whakaatu ana ngā tatauranga ahumahi i roto i ngā pāmu tuku iho kāore he pūnaha aroturuki atamai, ka taea e te mate ika nā te hypoxia te eke ki te 5%.
Ko ngā pūoko hāora wairewa hikohiko, hei tohu mō te hangarau aroturuki o mua, kua pai ake te tika o te aroturuki ki tētahi taumata engari he maha tonu ngā ngoikoretanga. Me whakakapi pinepine ngā kiriuhi me ngā irahiko i ēnei pūoko, ā, he nui ngā utu tiaki. Hei tāpiri, he tino kaha ā rātou whakaritenga mō te tere rere o te wai, ā, he ngāwari te whakapohehe i ngā inenga i roto i ngā wai pūmau. He mea nui ake, ka pāngia ngā pūoko hikohiko e te nekenekehanga tohu i te wā e whakamahia ana mō te wā roa, ā, me whakatikatika auau kia tika ai ngā raraunga, ka waiho hei taumahatanga tāpiri ki te whakahaere pāmu o ia rā.
Ko ngā panonitanga ohorere o te kounga wai he "kaikōhuru e kore e kitea" i roto i te mahi ahuwhenua ika, ā, ko ngā panonitanga nui o te hāora rewa he tohu wawe o te hekenga o te kounga o te wai. I ngā wā wera, i ngā panonitanga ohorere rānei o te rangi, ka taea e ngā taumata hāora rewa i roto i te wai te heke tere i roto i te wā poto, ka uaua ki ngā tikanga aroturuki tuku iho te hopu i ēnei panoni i te wā tika. I puta tētahi take noa i te Pūtake Ahuwhenua o te Roto Baitan i te Tāone o Huanggang, Porowini o Hubei: nā te korenga o te kite wawe i ngā taumata hāora rewa rerekē, i puta he mate tata katoa i roto i ngā eka maha o ngā roto ika nā te korenga o te hāora ohorere, ā, i hua ake he mate ōhanga neke atu i te kotahi miriona yuan. He maha ngā wā ka puta ngā aituā rite puta noa i te motu, e whakaatu ana i ngā ngoikoretanga o ngā tikanga aroturuki hāora rewa tuku iho.
Ko te auahatanga i roto i te hangarau aroturuki hāora wairewa ehara i te mea ko te whakapai ake i te pai o te mahi ahuwhenua anake, engari ko te whanaketanga pumau o te umanga katoa. I te mea kei te piki haere tonu te maha o ngā mahi ahuwhenua me te kaha haere o ngā whakaritenga taiao, kei te piki haere te hiahia o te umanga mō te hangarau aroturuki hāora wairewa tika, wā-tūturu, me te iti o te tiaki. I runga i tēnei horopaki, kua uru haere ngā pūoko hāora wairewa whatu, me ō rātou painga hangarau ahurei, ki te tirohanga a te umanga ahumoana, ā, kua tīmata ki te whakahou i te huarahi a te umanga ki te whakahaere kounga wai.
Te Aranga Hangarau: Ngā Mātāpono Mahi me ngā Painga Hira o ngā Pūoko Whatu
Ko te hangarau matua o ngā pūoko hāora rewa whatu e ahu mai ana i te mātāpono tinei i te hihi o te rama, he tikanga ine auaha kua tino whakarerekē i te aroturuki hāora rewa tuku iho. Ina whiti te mārama kikorangi e tukuna ana e te pūoko i tētahi rauemi hihi motuhake, ka whakaohokia te rauemi, ka tukuna te mārama whero. He kaha ahurei tō ngā ngota hāora ki te kawe atu i te pūngao (ka puta he pānga tinei), nō reira ko te kaha me te roa o te mārama whero e tukuna ana he rite whakamuri ki te kukū o ngā ngota hāora i roto i te wai. Mā te ine tika i te rerekētanga āhua i waenga i te mārama whero e whakaohokia ana me te mārama tohutoro, me te whakataurite ki ngā uara whakatikatika ā-roto, ka taea e te pūoko te tatau tika i te kukū hāora rewa i roto i te wai. Kāore he tauhohenga matū e uru ana ki tēnei tukanga ā-tinana, e karo ana i ngā ngoikoretanga maha o ngā tikanga hikohiko tuku iho.
Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā pūoko hikohiko tuku iho, he maha ngā painga hangarau o ngā pūoko hāora rewa whatu. Ko te tuatahi ko tōna āhuatanga kore-hāora, arā, kāore he whakaritenga motuhake mō te tere rere o te wai, te whakaoho rānei, e pai ai mō ngā taiao ahuwhenua rerekē—ahakoa he puna kaukau, he tāke rere rānei ka taea te whakarato hua ine tika. Ko te tuarua ko tā rātou mahi ine tino pai: ka taea e te whakatupuranga hou o ngā pūoko whatu te whakatutuki i ngā wā urupare iti iho i te 30 hēkona me te tika o te ±0.1 mg/L, e āhei ai rātou ki te hopu i ngā huringa ngawari o te hāora rewa. Hei tāpiri, he whānui te hoahoa tuku hiko o ēnei pūoko (DC 10-30V) ā, he rite ki ngā atanga whakawhitiwhiti RS485 e tautoko ana i te kawa MODBUS RTU, e ngāwari ai te whakauru ki roto i ngā pūnaha aroturuki rerekē.
Ko te whakamahinga roa, kāore he tiaki, tētahi o ngā āhuatanga tino rongonui o ngā pūoko hāora rewa whatu i waenga i ngā kaimahi pāmu. Me whakakapi auau ngā pūoko hikohiko tuku iho i te kiriuhi me te irahiko, engari ka whakakorea katoatia ēnei mea pau e ngā pūoko whatu, ā, neke atu i te kotahi tau te roa o te mahi, ka whakaitihia nuitia ngā utu tiaki o ia rā me te mahi. I kī te kaiwhakahaere hangarau o tētahi pūtake ahumoana nui e huri haere ana i Shandong: "Mai i te hurihanga ki ngā pūoko hāora rewa whatu, kua penapenahia e ā mātou kaimahi tiaki te 20 hāora ia marama mō te tiaki i te pūoko, ā, kua tino pai ake te pumau o ngā raraunga. Kāore mātou e manukanuka ki ngā whakaoho teka i puta mai i te nekenekehanga o te pūoko."
Mō te hoahoa taputapu, ka whai whakaaro nui hoki ngā pūoko hāora rewa whatu hou ki ngā āhuatanga ahurei o ngā taiao ahuwhenua ika. Ka ārai katoa ngā ārai taumata-tiketike (e eke ana ki te IP68) i te urunga o te wai, ā, he mea hanga te raro ki te maitai kore waikura 316, e ātete ana ki te waikura tote me te kawakore mō te wā roa. He maha ngā wā ka whakauruhia ngā pūoko ki ngā atanga miro NPT3/4 hei ngāwari ki te tāuta me te whakapiri, me ngā hononga paipa ātete wai hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia aroturuki i ngā hohonutanga rerekē. Mā ēnei taipitopito hoahoa ka whakarite te pono me te roa o ngā pūoko i roto i ngā taiao ahuwhenua uaua.
He mea nui, nā te tāpiritanga o ngā mahi atamai kua whakarei ake i te whai huatanga o ngā pūoko hāora rewa whatu. He maha ngā tauira hou e whakaatu ana i ngā tuku pāmahana kua hangaia ki roto me te utu pāmahana aunoa, e whakaiti ana i ngā hapa ine i puta mai i ngā piki me ngā heke o te pāmahana wai. Ka taea hoki e ētahi hua papai te tuku raraunga i te wā tūturu mā te Nihokikorangi, Wi-Fi rānei ki ngā taupānga pūkoro, ki ngā papaaho kapua rānei, e āhei ai te aroturuki mamao me ngā uiui raraunga hītori. Ina neke ake ngā taumata hāora rewa i ngā awhe haumaru, ka tukuna tonutia e te pūnaha ngā whakatūpato mā ngā whakamōhiotanga pana pūkoro, ngā karere kuputuhi, ngā tohu reo rānei. Mā tēnei whatunga aroturuki atamai ka taea e ngā kaimahi pāmu te noho mōhio mō ngā āhuatanga kounga wai me te mahi i ngā mahi ārai i te wā tika, ahakoa kei waho o te papa.
Ko ēnei whanaketanga hou o te hangarau pūoko hāora whakarewa whatu, ehara i te mea ka aro noa ki ngā āhuatanga uaua o ngā tikanga aroturuki tuku iho, engari ka tautoko hoki i ngā raraunga pono mō te whakahaere pai o te mahi ahuwhenua ika, ā, he pou hangarau nui tēnei hei whakatairanga i te whanaketanga o te umanga ki te mohio me te tika.
Ngā Hua o te Taupānga: Me pēhea te whakapai ake a ngā Pūoko Whatu i te Whai Huatanga o te Ahuwhenua
Kua tutuki i ngā pūoko hāora rewa whatu ngā hua whakamiharo i roto i ngā mahi ahuwhenua ika, me te whakamana i ō rātou uara i roto i ngā āhuatanga maha, mai i te aukati i te mate nui ki te whakanui ake i te hua me te kounga. Ko tētahi tauira tino whakaatu ko te Pūtake Ahuwhenua o te Roto o Baitan i te Rohe o Huangzhou, te Tāone o Huanggang, te Porowini o Hubei, i reira i tāutahia ai e waru ngā aroturuki huarere 360-tohu me ngā pūoko hāora rewa whatu, e kapi ana i te 2,000 eka o te mata wai puta noa i te 56 ngā roto ika. I whakamārama a Cao Jian, te tohunga hangarau: "Mā ngā raraunga aroturuki wā-tūturu i runga i ngā mata hiko, ka taea e mātou te kite tonu i ngā āhuatanga rerekē. Hei tauira, ina whakaatu te taumata hāora rewa i te Pūwāhi Aroturuki 1 i te 1.07 mg/L, ahakoa e kī ana ngā wheako he take tirotiro, ka whakamōhio tonu mātou ki ngā kaimahi pāmu kia tirohia, kia tino haumaru ai." Nā tēnei tikanga aroturuki wā-tūturu i āwhina te pūtake ki te karo angitu i ngā aituā hurihanga o te roto i puta mai i te hypoxia. I kī te kaihao ika tawhito a Liu Yuming: "I mua, i āwangawanga mātou mō te hypoxia i ngā wā katoa e ua ana, ā, kāore i taea te moe pai i te pō. Ināianei, me ēnei 'kanohi hiko,' ka whakamōhio mai ngā tohunga hangarau ki a mātou mō ngā raraunga rerekē, ka taea ai e mātou te mahi wawe i ngā mahi ārai."
I roto i ngā āhuatanga ahuwhenua kiato nui, he mahi nui ake tā ngā pūoko hāora rewa whatu. E whakaatu ana tētahi rangahau take mai i te whare putunga ika matihiko "Future Farm" i Huzhou, Zhejiang, i roto i tētahi tāke 28-mita tapawhā e pupuri ana i te tata ki te 3,000 jin o ngā ika pāpaka o California (tata ki te 6,000 ika)—he rite ki te kiato kararehe o te kotahi eka i roto i ngā roto tuku iho—ko te whakahaere hāora rewa te wero matua. Mā te aroturuki wā-tūturu e ngā pūoko whatu me ngā pūnaha hau atamai kua whakaritea, i angitu te whare putunga ika ki te whakaiti i te mate o ngā ika i runga i te mata mai i te 5% i mua ki te 0.1%, me te whakatutuki i te pikinga 10%-20% o te hua ia mu. I kī te tohunga ahuwhenua a Chen Yunxiang: "Ki te kore he raraunga hāora rewa tika, e kore mātou e maia ki te whakamātau i ēnei kiato kararehe teitei."
Ko ngā Pūnaha Whakatipu Wai Ahuwhenua (RAS) tētahi atu wāhi nui e whakaatu ana i te uara o ngā pūoko hāora wairewa whatu. Kua hangaia e te "Blue Seed Industry Silicon Valley" i Laizhou Bay, Shandong, he awheawhe RAS e 768-eka te rahi me te 96 ngā tāke ahuwhenua e whakaputa ana i te 300 tana o ngā ika kounga teitei i ia tau, e whakamahi ana i te 95% iti iho o te wai i ngā tikanga tuku iho. Ka whakamahia e te pokapū whakahaere mamati o te pūnaha ngā pūoko whatu hei aroturuki i te pH, te hāora wairewa, te tote, me ētahi atu tohu i roto i ia tāke i te wā tūturu, ka whakahohe aunoa i te hau ina heke te hāora wairewa ki raro i te 6 mg/L. I whakamārama te kaiārahi kaupapa: "He tino tairongo ngā momo pēnei i te reparo coral grouper ki ngā huringa hāora wairewa, ka uaua ki ngā tikanga tuku iho te whakatutuki i ā rātou whakaritenga ahuwhenua. Nā te aroturuki tika o ngā pūoko whatu i whakarite i tā mātou angitu ki te whakatipu horihori katoa." Waihoki, kua angitu te whakatipu ika i te Koraha o Gobi o Aksu, Xinjiang, i ngā kaimoana kounga teitei ki uta, tawhiti atu i te moana, ka hangaia te merekara "kaimoana mai i te koraha", nā te hangarau pūoko whatu.
Nā te whakamahinga o ngā pūoko hāora rewa whatu i hua ake ai he whakapainga nui ki te whai huatanga ohaoha. I kōrero a Liu Yuming, he kaiahuwhenua i te turanga o te roto o Baitan i Huanggang, i muri i te whakamahinga o te pūnaha aroturuki atamai, i hua ake i roto i āna puna ika 24.8-eka neke atu i te 40,000 jin, he kotahi hautoru teitei ake i te tau o mua. E ai ki ngā tatauranga mai i tētahi umanga ahumoana nui i Shandong, ko te rautaki whakapūngao tika e arahina ana e ngā pūoko whatu i whakaiti i ngā utu hiko whakapūngao mā te 30%, me te whakapai ake i ngā reiti whakawhiti whāngai mā te 15%, ā, i hua ake ai he whakahekenga utu whakaputa whānui o te 800-1,000 yuan mō ia tana ika.
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Wā tuku: Hōngongoi-07-2025