He wāhi nui ngā teihana huarere mō te tirotiro me te rangahau huarere, ā, he mea nui te mahi a ngā teihana huarere ki te mārama me te matapae i te huarere, ki te ako i te huringa āhuarangi, ki te tiaki i te ahuwhenua me te whakatairanga i te whanaketanga ōhanga. Ka matapakihia e tēnei pepa te mahi taketake, te hanganga, te momo whakahaere o te teihana huarere me tōna whakamahinga me te hiranga i roto i te mahi.
1. Ngā mahi taketake o ngā teihana huarere
Ko te mahi matua a te teihana huarere he kohikohi, he tuhi me te tātari i ngā raraunga e pā ana ki te huarere. Kei roto i ēnei raraunga, engari kāore i te herea ki:
Te pāmahana: Ka tuhia ngā huringa o te pāmahana o te hau me te mata.
Makuku: E ine ana i te nui o te mamaoa wai i te rangi, ā, e pā ana ki ngā huringa o te huarere.
Te pēhanga hau: Ka aroturuki i ngā huringa o te pēhanga hau hei āwhina i te matapae i te nekehanga o ngā pūnaha huarere.
Te ua: He mea nui te tuhi i te nui me te kaha o te ua mō te whakahaere rauemi wai me te whakamakuku ahuwhenua.
Te tere me te ahunga o te hau: Ka kohia e ngā teihana huarere ēnei raraunga mā roto i ngā anemometer me ngā vane hau hei āwhina i te tātari i ngā pānga o te hau, inā koa i roto i te matapae i ngā awhiowhio me ngā tupuhi.
2. Te hanganga o ngā teihana huarere
Ko te tikanga, ko ngā wāhanga e whai ake nei o tētahi teihana huarere hei whakatutuki i te kohikohinga raraunga huarere whānui:
Ngā Pūoko: Ngā taputapu e whakamahia ana hei ine i ngā momo āhuatanga huarere, pērā i ngā pūoko pāmahana, ngā ine haumākū, ngā mita ua, me ētahi atu.
Pūrere hopu: He taputapu rokiroki raraunga e hopu ana i ngā mōhiohio e kohia ana e te pūoko.
Pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti kōrero: Ka tukuna ngā raraunga kua kohia ki te pokapū huarere, ki te pātengi raraunga rānei i te wā tonu hei tātaritanga whai muri.
Ngā taputapu hiko: Ko te pūtake hiko e whakarite ana i te mahi pumau o te teihana huarere, he maha ngā teihana huarere hou e whakamahi ana i te hiko o te rā.
Pūmanawa tukatuka me te tātari raraunga: Whakamahia te pūmanawa rorohiko hei tātari me te whakaatu i ngā raraunga hei whakaputa matapae huarere me ngā pūrongo āhuarangi.
3. Te aratau whakahaere o ngā teihana huarere
Kua wehea ngā teihana huarere ki ngā teihana huarere aunoa me ngā teihana huarere horihori:
Teihana huarere aunoa: Ko tēnei momo teihana huarere he mea tito mai i ngā rorohiko me ngā pūoko, ka taea te kohikohi raraunga 24 hāora ia rā, ka tukuatu raraunga i te wā tūturu. He whānuitia te whakamahinga o tēnei momo teihana huarere i roto i ngā rangahau pūtaiao me ngā matapae huarere, nā te mea he tino pai, he tino tika hoki.
Ngā teihana huarere horihori: Ka whakawhirinaki ēnei teihana huarere ki ngā tohunga huarere mō te tirotiro me te tuhi i ia rā, ahakoa he teitei te tika me te pono o ngā raraunga, engari ka pāngia e te huarere me te mahi ā-ringa, ka whai herenga anō hoki.
Whai muri i tētahi tukanga paerewa tino pakari, me horoi me whakatika ngā raraunga o te teihana huarere i te tuatahi, me arotake anō hoki e te tari huarere kia tika ai, kia pono ai hoki ngā mōhiohio huarere.
4. Te whakamahinga whai hua o ngā teihana huarere
He nui ngā whakamahinga o ngā teihana huarere i roto i ngā momo mara, tae atu ki:
Te matapae huarere: Mā ngā raraunga e whakaratohia ana e ngā teihana huarere, ka taea e ngā tohunga huarere te tātari i ngā ia o te huarere me te whakaputa matapae huarere tika hei āwhina i te marea me ngā ahumahi ki te whakarite i mua i te wā.
Te whakahaere ahuwhenua: Ka taea e ngā kaipāmu te whakarerekē i ngā mahere whakato kia rite ki ngā raraunga huarere e whakaratohia ana e ngā teihana huarere, te whakarite tika i te whakamakuku me te whakawairakau, me te whakarite i te pumau o te whakaputanga me te kotinga ahuwhenua.
Rangahau āhuarangi: I roto i te kohikohinga raraunga mō te wā roa, ka āwhina ngā teihana huarere ki te ako i te huringa āhuarangi, ā, ka whakarato hoki i te pūtake pūtaiao mō te whakatakoto kaupapa here me te tiaki taiao.
Whakatūpato mō ngā aituā: I mua i te putanga mai o ngā aituā taiao, ka taea e ngā teihana huarere te whakarato i ngā whakatūpato huarere mō ngā awhiowhio, ngā ua nui, ngā pāmahana tino kino, me ētahi atu, kia taea ai e ngā kāwanatanga, ngā umanga me ngā kainoho te mahi i ngā mahi haumaru i mua i te wā hei whakaiti i ngā mate o ngā kaimahi me ngā taonga.
5. Ngā kēhi tūturu
He whakatūpato wawe mō te Āwhā "Lingling" i te tau 2019
I te tau 2019, i tau te Āwhā Lingling ki te Moana Haina ki te Rawhiti, ā, i tukuna he whakatūpato huarere kaha i mua i te wā nā te maha o ngā kitenga a ngā teihana huarere i mua i te taenga mai o te āwhā. Mā ēnei whakatūpato wawe ka taea e ngā kainoho o ngā takutai te whakarite i mua i te wā, ka whakaitihia ngā mate me ngā ngaronga taonga i puta mai i ngā āwhā. Nā te pūnaha aroturuki raraunga wā-tūturu o te teihana huarere i matapae te kaha me te ara neke o "Ling Ling" mā te tātari i te tere o te hau, te pēhanga me ētahi atu raraunga, e whakarato ana i tētahi pūtake pūtaiao mō te urupare ohorere a te kāwanatanga ā-rohe.
Te whakamahinga ahuwhenua o ngā teihana huarere i ngā taiwhenua o Haina
I roto i ngā rohe tuawhenua maha o Haina, kua whakatūria e ngā tari matawhenua ngā teihana huarere pāmu. Mā te aroturuki i te makuku oneone, te pāmahana, te ua me ētahi atu raraunga, kua whakawhanakehia e ēnei teihana huarere he matapae huarere kua whakaritea hei āwhina i ngā kaimahi pāmu ki te whakarite i te wā whakato me te wā hauhake. Hei tauira, i tētahi rohe, nā te urunga wawe ki ngā raraunga ua i taea ai e ngā kaimahi pāmu te aro pai ake ki te tauraki tonu, me te whakarite i te tipu o ngā hua me te whakapiki ake i te whakaputanga kai.
Ngā raraunga raupapa roa i roto i ngā rangahau huringa āhuarangi
E kohia ana ngā raraunga huarere mō ngā tau maha i ngā teihana huarere huri noa i te ao, ā, he pūtake pakari tēnei mō te aroturuki i ngā huringa āhuarangi. Hei tauira, ko te National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) i te Hononga o Amerika, e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā raraunga roa mai i ngā rau o ngā teihana huarere hei tātari me te matapae i ngā au o te huringa āhuarangi. I kitea e rātou i roto i ngā tekau tau kua pahure ake nei, kua piki haere te pāmahana toharite i te Hononga o Amerika, ā, kua pā tēnei ki ngā huringa o ngā pūnaha rauropi me te auau o ngā āhuatanga kino o te taiao. Ka whakaratohia e ēnei rangahau he pūtake pūtaiao mō ngā kaihanga kaupapa here ki te whakatakoto rautaki hei aro atu ki te huringa āhuarangi me ngā wero e pā mai ana.
6. Te ahunga whanaketanga ā muri ake nei
Kei te whanake haere ngā teihana huarere i te whanaketanga o te hangarau. Ka nui ake te atamai, te whatunga me te whakauru o ngā teihana huarere ā muri ake nei:
Teihana huarere atamai: Whakamahia te matauranga horihori me te hangarau tātari raraunga nui hei whakapai ake i te pai me te tika o te tukatuka raraunga.
Whatunga: Ka hangaia he whatunga i waenga i ngā teihana huarere maha hei tohatoha raraunga wā-tūturu me te whakapai ake i te kaha aroturuki whānui.
Aroturukitanga mai i te rangi: Te whakakotahi i ngā hangarau hou pēnei i ngā waka rererangi kore me ngā amiorangi hei whakawhānui ake i te whānuitanga me te hōhonutanga o te mātakitaki huarere.
Whakamutunga
Hei wāhi nui mō te tirotiro me te rangahau huarere, ehara i te mea ko ngā teihana huarere anake te tautoko raraunga taketake mō ngā matapae huarere, engari he tūranga nui anō hoki tā rātou i roto i ngā momo mara pēnei i te rangahau huringa āhuarangi, te ratonga huarere ahuwhenua me te whakatūpato wawe mō ngā āhuatanga kino. Mā te haere tonu o te ahunga whakamua hangarau me te whakahou raraunga, ka whakaratohia e ngā teihana huarere he ratonga huarere tika ake, he wā tika ake hoki mō te oranga tangata me te whanaketanga ōhanga, ā, ka whai wāhi atu ki te aro atu ki te wero o te huringa āhuarangi.
Wā tuku: 15 Paenga-whāwhā 2025