Mō ngā tau 25, kua whakatinanahia e te Tari Taiao o Mareia (DOE) tētahi Taupū Kounga Wai (WQI) e whakamahi ana i ngā tawhā kounga wai matua e ono: te hāora wairewa (DO), te Hiahia Hāora Matū (BOD), te Hiahia Hāora Matū (COD), te pH, te hauota haukini (AN) me ngā totoka whakatārewatia (SS). He wāhanga nui te tātari kounga wai o te whakahaere rauemi wai, ā, me whakahaere tika kia ārai i ngā kino taiao mai i te parahanga me te whakarite kia tutuki ngā ture taiao. Ka piki ake te hiahia ki te tautuhi i ngā tikanga whai hua mō te tātari. Ko tētahi o ngā wero matua o te rorohiko o nāianei ko te hiahia ki tētahi raupapa o ngā tataunga taupū iti e pau ana te wā, uaua, me te ngāwari ki te hapa. Hei tāpiri, kāore e taea te tatau i te WQI mēnā kei te ngaro tētahi, neke atu rānei o ngā tawhā kounga wai. I roto i tēnei rangahau, kua whakawhanakehia he tikanga arotau mō te WQI mō te uaua o te tukanga o nāianei. Ko te pūmanawa o te whakatauira raraunga-arahi, arā, ko te mīhini tautoko mahi pūtake Nu-Radial (SVM) i runga i te whakamana whakawhiti 10x, i whakawhanakehia, ā, i tūhuratia hei whakapai ake i te matapae o te WQI i te awa o Langat. I whakahaerehia he tātaritanga aro whānui i raro i ngā horopaki e ono hei whakatau i te whai huatanga o te tauira i roto i te matapae WQI. I te tuatahi, i whakaatu te tauira SVM-WQI i te kaha tino pai ki te tārua i te DOE-WQI, ā, i whiwhi i ngā taumata teitei rawa o ngā hua tatauranga (tauwehenga hononga r > 0.95, whai huatanga Nash Sutcliffe, NSE >0.88, taupū ōritetanga a Willmott, WI > 0.96). I te tuarua o ngā horopaki, e whakaatu ana te tukanga whakatauira ka taea te whakatau tata i te WQI me te kore e ono ngā tawhā. Nō reira, ko te tawhā DO te mea tino nui ki te whakatau i te WQI. Ko te pH te mea iti rawa te pānga ki te WQI. Hei tāpiri, e whakaatu ana ngā horopaki 3 ki te 6 i te whai huatanga o te tauira i runga i te wā me te utu mā te whakaiti i te maha o ngā taurangi i roto i te huinga whakauru tauira (r > 0.6, NSE >0.5 (pai), WI > 0.7 (tino pai)). Ina huihuia, ka tino whakapai ake te tauira me te whakatere i te whakatau whakatau e ahu mai ana i ngā raraunga i roto i te whakahaere kounga wai, ka ngāwari ake te uru atu me te whai wāhi atu ki ngā raraunga me te kore e wawaotanga tangata.
1 Kupu Whakataki
Ko te kupu "parahanga wai" e pā ana ki te parahanga o ētahi momo wai, tae atu ki te wai mata (moana, roto, me ngā awa) me te wai whenua. Ko tētahi take nui o te tipu haere o tēnei raruraru ko te kore e tukatukahia ngā parahanga i mua i te tukunga tika, ā-kore rānei ki roto i ngā wai. He pānga nui ngā huringa o te kounga wai ki te taiao Moana, engari ki te wātea o te wai māori mō ngā puna wai tūmatanui me te ahuwhenua. I ngā whenua whakawhanake, he mea noa te tipu tere o te ōhanga, ā, ko ia kaupapa e whakatairanga ana i tēnei tipu ka kino ki te taiao. Mō te whakahaere roa o ngā rauemi wai me te tiaki i te tangata me te taiao, he mea nui te aroturuki me te aromatawai i te kounga o te wai. Ko te Water Quality Index, e mōhiotia ana ko WQI, i ahu mai i ngā raraunga kounga wai, ā, e whakamahia ana hei whakatau i te āhua o nāianei o te kounga wai awa. I te aromatawai i te nui o te huringa o te kounga wai, me whai whakaaro ki ngā taurangi maha. He taupū te WQI kāore he whānuitanga. Kei roto ko ngā tawhā kounga wai motuhake. Ka whakaratohia e te WQI he tikanga mō te whakarōpū i te kounga o ngā wai o mua me nāianei. Ka taea e te uara whai tikanga o te WQI te awe i ngā whakataunga me ngā mahi a ngā kaiwhakatau. I te tauine mai i te 1 ki te 100, ko te teitei ake o te taupū, ko te pai ake o te kounga o te wai. I te nuinga o te wā, ko te kounga o te wai o ngā teihana awa me ngā kaute 80, neke atu rānei, e tutuki ana i ngā paerewa mō ngā awa ma. Ko te uara WQI i raro iho i te 40 e kiia ana he poke, ko te uara WQI i waenga i te 40 me te 80 e tohu ana he paku poke te kounga o te wai.
I te nuinga o te wā, ko te tatau i te WQI me whai huinga panonitanga taupū iti he roa, he uaua, he ngāwari hoki ki te hapa. He maha ngā taunekeneke kore-raina uaua i waenga i te WQI me ētahi atu tawhā kounga wai. He uaua pea te tatau i ngā WQI, ā, he roa te wā e pau ana nā te mea he rerekē ngā tātai e whakamahia ana e ngā WQI rerekē, ka arahi pea ki ngā hapa. Ko tētahi wero nui ko te kore e taea te tatau i te tātai mō te WQI mēnā kei te ngaro tētahi, neke atu rānei o ngā tawhā kounga wai. Hei tāpiri, ko ētahi paerewa me whai tikanga kohikohi tauira roa, whānui hoki, me mahi e ngā tohunga whakangungu kia tika ai te tirotiro i ngā tauira me te whakaatu i ngā hua. Ahakoa ngā whakapainga o te hangarau me ngā taputapu, kua araia te aroturukitanga kounga wai awa i te wā me te wāhi e ngā utu whakahaere me te whakahaere nui.
E whakaatu ana tēnei kōrero kāore he huarahi ā-ao mō te WQI. Nā tēnei ka ara ake te hiahia ki te whakawhanake i ētahi atu tikanga hei tatau i te WQI i roto i te huarahi whai hua me te tika o te rorohiko. Tērā pea he pai ēnei whakapainga mō ngā kaiwhakahaere rauemi taiao ki te aroturuki me te aromatawai i te kounga o te wai awa. I roto i tēnei horopaki, kua angitu ētahi kairangahau ki te whakamahi i te AI hei matapae i te WQI; Ka karohia e te whakatauira ako mīhini e ahu mai ana i te AI te tatau i te iti o te taupū, ā, ka tere te whakaputa i ngā hua WQI. Kei te piki haere te rongonui o ngā rauropi ako mīhini e ahu mai ana i te AI nā te mea he hoahoa kore-raina, he kaha ki te matapae i ngā kaupapa uaua, he kaha ki te whakahaere i ngā huinga raraunga nui tae atu ki ngā raraunga o ngā rahi rerekē, me te kore aro ki ngā raraunga kāore i oti. Ko tōna kaha matapae e whakawhirinaki katoa ana ki te tikanga me te tika o te kohikohi me te tukatuka raraunga.
Wā tuku: Whiringa-ā-rangi 21-2024