Ka kōrero a Ahorangi Boyd mō tētahi taurangi nui, e whakararuraru ana i te ahotea, ka taea te whakamate, te whakaiti rānei i te hiahia kai, te puhoi o te tipu me te kaha ake o te pāngia e te mate.
E mōhiotia whānuitia ana e ngā kaipāmu ika ko te wātea o ngā rauropi kai tūturu ka whakawhāiti i te whakaputanga o te kōura me te nuinga o ngā momo ika i roto i ngā roto ki te 500 kg ia heketea mō ia hua (kg/ha/hua). I roto i te whakatipu ā-haurua me ngā whāngai hanga me te whakawhiti wai o ia rā engari kāore he hauhautanga, ka eke te whakaputanga ki te 1,500–2,000 kg/ha/hua, engari ki te nui ake te hua, ko te nui o te whāngai e tika ana ka nui te mōrearea o te kukū DO iti. Nō reira, ko te hāora rewa (DO) he taurangi nui i roto i te whakanui ake i te hua o te whakatipu ika i roto i ngā roto.
Ka taea te whakamahi i te whakapūngao ā-ringa hei whakanui ake i te nui o te whāngai ka taea te whakauru, ā, ka nui ake te hua. Mā ia hōpaika mō ia heketea o te whakapūngao ka taea te whakarato i te 10–12 kg/heketea o te whāngai i ia rā mō te nuinga o ngā momo ahuwhenua. Ehara i te mea onge te whakaputanga o te 10,000–12,000 kg/heketea/huawhenua me te nui o te whakapūngao. Ka taea te whakatutuki i ngā hua nui ake i roto i ngā roto me ngā tāke kua whakakikoruatia ki te kirihou me te nui o te whakapūngao.
Kāore e tino rangona te kōrero mō te whakamomori, te ahotea rānei e pā ana ki te hāora i roto i te whakaputanga heihei, poaka me ngā kau e whakatipuria ana i te wāhi nui, engari he mea tino noa ēnei āhuatanga i roto i te mahi ahuwhenua ika. Ka whakamāramahia ngā take he mea nui te hāora wairewa i roto i te mahi ahuwhenua ika.
Kei roto i te hau e tata ana ki te mata o te whenua te 20.95 ōrau o te hāora, te 78.08 ōrau o te hauota, me ētahi ōrau iti o te hauhā waro me ētahi atu hau. Ko te nui o te hāora ngota e hiahiatia ana hei whakamākū i te wai māori i te pēhanga hau paerewa (760 miririta o te mercury) me te 30 nekehanga-C he 7.54 mg ia rita (mg/L). Ko te tikanga, i te awatea i te wā e haere tonu ana te photosynthesis, ko te wai i roto i te puna he nui te DO (ko te kukū pea he 10 mg/L, neke atu rānei i roto i te wai mata), nā te mea he nui ake te whakaputanga o te hāora mā te photosynthesis i te ngaronga o te hāora mā te manawa me te horapa ki te hau. I te pō ka mutu te photosynthesis, ka heke te kukū o te hāora rewa - i ētahi wā he iti iho i te 3 mg/L te kukū iti rawa e whakaaetia ana mō te nuinga o ngā momo wai e whakatipuria ana.
Ka manawa ngā kararehe whenua i te hau hei whiwhi i te hāora ngota, ka mimitia mā roto i ngā alveoli i roto i ō rātou pukahukahu. Me pupuhi e ngā ika me ngā kōura te wai mā roto i ō rātou wahapū kia mimitia ai te hāora ngota mā roto i ō rātou papa wahapū. Ko te kaha o te manawa, te pupuhi rānei i te wai mā roto i ngā wahapū, me whai pūngao e rite ana ki te taumaha o te hau, te wai rānei e uru ana.
Ka tatauhia ngā taumaha o te hau me te wai e hiahiatia ana kia manawahia, kia papuhia rānei kia puta ai te 1.0 mg o te hāora ngota i roto i ngā mata manawa. Nā te mea he 20.95 ōrau te hāora o te hau, tata ki te 4.8 mg o te hau ka whai 1.0 mg hāora.
I roto i tētahi puna kōura me te wai kei roto te tote 30 ppt i te 30 nekehanga-C (kiato wai = 1.0180 g/L) ko te kukū hāora rewa i te wā e mākū ana ki te hau he 6.39 mg/L. Ko te rōrahi o te 0.156 L o te wai ka whai 1.0 mg o te hāora, ā, ko tōna taumaha he 159 karamu (159,000 mg). He 33,125 ngā wā nui ake tēnei i te taumaha o te hau kei roto te 1.0 mg hāora.
He nui ake te pūngao e pau ana i ngā kararehe wai
Me nui ake te kaha e pau ana i te kōura, i te ika rānei, kia rite te nui o te hāora ki tā te kararehe whenua. Ka nui haere te raruraru ina heke te kukū o te hāora rewa i roto i te wai nā te mea me nui ake te wai e pupuhihia ana puta noa i ngā pihanga kia kitea ai rātou ki te 1.0 mg o te hāora.
Ina tangohia e ngā kararehe whenua te hāora i te rangi, ka ngāwari te whakahoki mai i te hāora, nā te mea ka rere noa te hau nā te mea he iti ake te matotoru i te wai, hei tauira, ko te matotoru o te hau i te 25 nekehanga-C he 1.18 karamu/L ki te whakaritea ki te 995.65 karamu/L mō te wai māori i te pāmahana kotahi. I roto i tētahi pūnaha ahuwhenua ika, me whakakapi te hāora rewa i tangohia e te ika, e te kōura rānei mā te horapa o te hāora o te āhuarangi ki roto i te wai, ā, me rere te wai hei neke i te hāora rewa mai i te mata o te wai ki roto i te pou wai mō te ika, ki raro rānei mō te kōura. He taumaha ake te wai i te hau, ā, he puhoi ake te rere i te hau, ahakoa ka āwhinahia te rere e ngā tikanga miihini pēnei i ngā aerators.
He iti ake te nui o te hāora kei roto i te wai i te hau – i te pāmahana mākū me te 30 nekehanga-C, ko te wai māori he 0.000754 ōrau te hāora (ko te hau he 20.95 ōrau te hāora). Ahakoa ka taea e te hāora ngota te tomo tere ki te paparanga mata o te papatipu wai, ko te nekehanga o te hāora rewa i roto i te papatipu katoa e whakawhirinaki ana ki te tere o te whakaranu o te wai kua mākū te hāora i te mata ki roto i te papatipu wai mā te whakawhiti. Ka taea e te ika nui, te kōura rānei i roto i te roto te whakaiti tere i te hāora rewa.
He uaua te tuku hāora
Ka taea te whakaatu i te uauatanga o te whakarato hāora ki ngā ika, ki ngā kōura rānei penei. E whakaaetia ana e ngā paerewa kāwanatanga te 4.7 tāngata mō ia mita pūrua i ngā huihuinga o waho. Mehemea ko te taumaha o ia tangata ko te toharite o te ao o te 62 kg, kāti ka 2,914,000 kg/heketea o te koiora tangata. Ko te hiahia hāora mō ngā ika me ngā kōura mō te manawa he tata ki te 300 mg hāora/kg te taumaha tinana ia hāora. Ka taea e tēnei taumaha o te koiora ika te whakaiti i te hāora rewa i roto i tētahi puna wai māori 10,000-mita kūpiko i te tīmatanga kua kī tonu i te hāora i te 30 nekehanga-C i roto i te 5 meneti pea, ā, ka mate ngā kararehe whakatipu. E whā tekau mā whitu mano tāngata mō ia heketea i tētahi huihuinga o waho, kāore e pāngia e te uauatanga o te manawa i muri i ētahi hāora.
He mea nui te hāora rewa nā te mea ka taea e ia te whakamate tika i ngā kararehe ahumoana, engari i ngā wā katoa, ko te iti o te kukū o te hāora rewa ka whakararu i ngā kararehe wai, ka kore ai e hiahia kai, ka puhoi te tipu, ā, ka nui ake te pāngia e te mate.
Te whakataurite i te kiato o ngā kararehe me ngā kai e whakaurua ana
Ko te iti o te hāora rewa e pā ana hoki ki te putanga mai o ngā matū paitini ka taea te paitini i roto i te wai. Kei roto i ēnei paitini ko te hauhā waro, te haukini, te nitrite me te sulfide. Hei tikanga whānui, i roto i ngā roto e tika ana ngā āhuatanga kounga wai taketake o te puna wai mō te whakatipu ika me te kōura, ka noho rerekē ngā raruraru kounga wai mena ka whakapumautia te kukū hāora rewa. Me whakataurite tēnei i te nui o te whakatipu me te whāngai me te wātea o te hāora rewa mā roto i ngā puna taiao, mā te tāpiri atu rānei ki te hauhautanga i roto i te pūnaha whakatipu.
I roto i ngā mahi whakatipu wai matomato i roto i ngā roto, ko te kukū o te hāora wairewa te mea tino nui i te pō. Engari i roto i ngā momo mahi whakatipu hou, he nui ake te hiahia mō te hāora wairewa, ā, me pupuri tonu te kukū o te hāora wairewa mā te whakapūngao ā-ringa.
https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/RS485-WIFI-4G-GPRS-LORA-LORAWAN_62576765035.html?spm=a2747.product_manager.0.0.771371d2LOZoDB
He maha ngā pūoko kounga wai hei tohutoro māu, nau mai ki te kōrero
Wā tuku: 30 o Hepetema 2024