Ko ngā pūoko hāora whakarewa whatu (ODO), e mōhiotia ana ko ngā pūoko e hangai ana ki te fluorescence, he hangarau hou e rerekē ana ki ngā tikanga hiko membrane tuku iho (ngā pūtau Clark). Ko tōna āhuatanga matua ko te whakamahinga o te fluorescence tineia hei ine i te kukū o te hāora whakarewa i roto i te wai.
Te Kaupapa Mahi:
Kua hipokina te pito o te pūoko ki tētahi kiriuhi kua whakakiia ki te tae kanapa. Ina whakaohokia tēnei tae e tētahi roangaru motuhake o te mārama kikorangi, ka tukuna he mārama whero. Mena kei roto i te wai ngā ngota hāora, ka tukinga rātou ki ngā ngota tae whakaohokia, ka heke te kaha kanapa, ka poto ake te roa o te ora kanapa. Mā te ine i tēnei huringa o te roanga ora kanapa, te kaha rānei, ka taea te tatau tika i te kukū hāora rewa.
Ngā Āhuatanga Matua:
- Kāore he Whakamahinga Hāora, Kāore he Irahiko:
- Koinei te rerekētanga tino taketake mai i te tikanga hiko membrane. Kāore ngā pūoko whatu e kai i te hāora mai i te tauira, ā, he tika ake ngā hua e puta mai ana, inā koa i ngā wai iti te rere, i ngā wai pūmau rānei.
- Kāore he take ki te whakakapi i ngā electrolytes, i ngā membrane rānei, ka tino whakaiti i te mahi tiaki.
- He iti te tiaki, he tino pumau:
- Kāore he raruraru o te aukati kiriuhi, te paihana irahiko, te poke rānei o ngā irahiko.
- He roa ngā wā whakatikatika, e hiahiatia ana kia whakatikatikahia i ia torutoru marama anake, i ia roa rānei.
- Te Urupare Tere me te Tika Teitei:
- He tino tere te urupare ki ngā panonitanga o te hāora rewa, e taea ai te hopu i ngā panonitanga kounga wai hihiri i te wā tūturu.
- Kāore te tere o te rere, ngā matū whakararuraru rānei pēnei i ngā whanariki e pāngia ana ngā inenga, ā, he pai ake te tika me te pumau ki ngā tikanga tuku iho.
- Te iti rawa o te nekehanga roa:
- He tino pumau ngā āhuatanga o te tae hihiko, ā, ka iti ake te nekehanga o te tohu, ā, ka whakarite i te pono o te ine mō te wā roa.
- Ngāwari o te Whakamahinga:
- He mono-ā-ringa noa iho, kāore he wā whakapolarisasi roa e hiahiatia ana i muri i te tīmatanga; kua rite mō te ine tonu.
Ngā ngoikoretanga:
- Te Utu Tīmatanga Teitei Ake: He nui ake te utu i ngā pūoko hiko membrane tuku iho.
- He Roa Mutunga Kore te Roa o te Kiriuhi Hikoi: Ahakoa he roa te mau (1-3 tau te nuinga), ā tōna wā ka pirau te kiriuhi, ka poke rānei, ā, me whakakapi.
- Te Parahanga Pea nā ngā Hinu me ngā Rimu: Ka taea e te paninga matotoru o te hinu, te parahanga koiora rānei ki runga i te mata o te pūoko te whakararuraru i te whakaoho me te whiwhinga o te māramatanga, ā, me horoi.
2. Ngā horopaki tono
Nā ō rātou āhuatanga tino pai, e whakamahia whānuitia ana ngā pūoko hāora rewa whatu i roto i ngā mara maha e hiahia ana ki te aroturukitanga DO tonu me te tika:
- Ngā Whare Maimoatanga Wai Para:
- He tono nui. Whakamahia hei aroturuki i te DO i roto i ngā tāke whakapūngao me ngā rohe aerobic/anaerobic hei whakapai ake i te whakapūngao, hei whakahohe i te whakahaere tika mō te penapena pūngao me te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te maimoatanga.
- Te Aroturuki i te Tinana Wai Taiao (Awa, Roto, Puna Wai):
- Whakamahia ai i roto i ngā teihana aroturuki taiao hei aromatawai i te kaha o te wai ki te pure i a ia anō, te tūnga o te waikura, me te korenga o te hāora e hiahiatia ana, hei whakarato raraunga mō te tiaki taiao.
- Te Ahuwhenua:
- Ko te DO te pūtake o te mahi ahuwhenua ika. Mā ngā pūoko whatu ka taea te aroturuki i roto i ngā roto me ngā tāke i ngā wā katoa, i ngā rā katoa, i ngā rā e whitu. Ka taea e rātou te whakaoho i ngā whakaoho me te whakahohe aunoa i ngā pūwero hau ina tino heke ngā taumata, ka ārai i te matenga o ngā ika me te tiaki i te whakaputanga.
- Rangahau Pūtaiao:
- E whakamahia ana i roto i ngā rangahau moana, ngā rangahau limnology, me ngā whakamātautau ecotoxicology ina hiahiatia ngā raraunga DO tino tika, iti te pokanoa.
- Wai Tukanga Ahumahi:
- I roto i ngā pūnaha pēnei i te wai whakamatao o ngā tipu hiko me ngā tipu matū, me aroturuki te DO hei whakahaere i te waikura me te poke koiora.
3. Akoranga Take Taupānga i roto i ngā Philippines
Hei whenua moutere, he nui te whakawhirinaki o te ōhanga o Philippines ki te mahi ahuwhenua ika me te tūruhi, ā, e pāngia ana hoki e ngā wero parahanga wai mai i te noho tāone. Nō reira, he mea tino nui te aroturuki i te kounga o te wai, inā koa te hāora rewa.
Akoranga Take: Pūnaha Aroturuki me te Whakahauora Atamai DO i ngā Rohe Whakatipu Wai o Laguna de Bay
Papamuri:
Ko Laguna de Bay te roto nui rawa atu o ngā Philippines, ā, he mea nui ngā rohe e karapoti ana mō te whakatipu ika, inā koa mō ngā Tilapia me ngā Ika Miraka (Bangus). Heoi, kei te tūpono te roto ki ngā tūmomo mōrearea mai i te eutrophication. I ngā marama raumati wera, ka taea e te wehewehenga wai te arahi ki te hypoxia i ngā paparanga hohonu ake, ka mate nui ngā ika ("mate ika"), ka hua ake he mate ōhanga nui mō ngā kaimahi pāmu.
Otinga Taupānga:
I whakatairangahia e te Tari Hī Ika me ngā Rauemi Wai (BFAR), me te mahi tahi me ngā kāwanatanga ā-rohe, te whakamahinga o tētahi pūnaha aroturuki me te whakahaere kounga wai atamai e hangai ana ki ngā pūoko hāora whakarewa whatu i roto i ngā pāmu arumoni nui me ngā wāhi matua o te roto.
Ngā Wāhanga Pūnaha me te Rerenga Mahi:
- Ngā Pūnga Aroturuki: I whakatūria ngā pōito kounga wai maha-taumata me ngā pūoko DO whatu ki ngā wāhi rerekē o ngā roto ika (ina koa i ngā wāhi hohonu) me ngā wāhi matua o te roto. I whiriwhiria ēnei pūoko nā te mea:
- He iti te tiaki: He pai rawa te whakamahinga mō te wā roa, kāore he tiaki mō ngā wāhi he iti noa ngā kaimahi hangarau.
- Ātete ki te Whakararuraru: Kāore i te tino ngāwari ki te pakaru i te poke i roto i ngā wai ahuwhenua momona, paru hoki.
- Raraunga Wā-Tūturu: Ka taea te whakarato raraunga i ia meneti, e āhei ai te kite tere i ngā hekenga ohorere o te DO.
- Tuku Raraunga: Ka tukuna ngā raraunga pūoko i te wā tūturu mā roto i ngā whatunga ahokore (hei tauira, GPRS/4G, LoRa rānei) ki tētahi tūāpapa kapua me ngā taupānga pūkoro a ngā kaimahi pāmu.
- Mana Atamai me te Whakatūpato Moata:
- Taha Pūhara: Kua whakatakotoria te pūhara kapua me ngā paepae whakaoho DO (hei tauira, i raro i te 3 mg/L).
- Taha Kaiwhakamahi: Ka whiwhi ngā kaimahi pāmu i ngā matohi oro/ataata, i ngā karere kuputuhi, i ngā whakamōhiotanga taupānga rānei.
- Mana Aunoa: Ka taea e te pūnaha te whakahohe aunoa i ngā pūwero hau kia whakahokia rā anō ngā taumata DO ki tētahi awhe haumaru.
Ngā Hua:
- Te Whakaiti i te Mate o ngā Ika: Nā ngā whakatūpato wawe me te whakapūngao aunoa i ārai i ngā matenga ika maha i puta mai i ngā taumata DO tino iti i te pō, i te atatu rānei.
- Te Whakapai Ake i te Whai Hua o te Ahuwhenua: Ka taea e ngā kaipāmu te whakahaere i te whāngai me te whakapūngao mā te pūtaiao, ka whakaitihia ngā utu hiko (mā te karo i te whakahaere i ngā whakapūngao 24/7) me te whakapai ake i ngā ōwehenga hurihanga kai me te tere tipu ika.
- Ngā Raraunga mō te Whakahaere Taiao: Mā ngā teihana aroturuki i roto i te roto ka whakaratohia ki te BFAR ngā raraunga DO ā-wāhi, ā-wā hoki mō te wā roa, hei āwhina i te tātari i ngā ia o te whakamomona wai me te whakatakoto kaupapa here whakahaere roto pūtaiao ake.
Whakarāpopototanga:
I ngā whenua whakawhanake pēnei i a Philippines, he nui ngā mōrearea e pā ana ki te mahi ahuwhenua ika, ā, ka taea te wero i ngā hanganga, kua whakamātauhia ngā pūoko hāora whakarewa whatu hei taputapu hangarau pai mō te mahi ahuwhenua ika tika me te whakahaere taiao atamai nā te mea he roa, he iti te tiaki, he nui hoki te pono. Ehara i te mea ka āwhina noa i ngā kaimahi pāmu ki te whakaiti i ngā mōrearea me te whakapiki i te moni whiwhi, engari ka whakarato hoki i te tautoko raraunga kaha mō te tiaki i ngā rauropi wai utu nui o Philippines.
Ka taea hoki e mātou te whakarato i ngā momo otinga mō
1. Mita ringaringa mō te kounga wai maha-tawhā
2. Pūnaha Puai Mānu mō te kounga wai maha-taumata
3. Paraihe horoi aunoa mō te pūoko wai maha-tawhā
4. He huinga katoa o ngā tūmau me te pūmanawa ahokore, e tautoko ana i te RS485 GPRS /4g/WIFI/LORA/LORAWAN
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