Hei whenua moutere nui rawa atu o te ao, kei roto i ngā rohe wera me te nui o te ua me ngā āhuatanga huarere kino, ko Indonesia te whenua e tūtaki ana ki ngā waipuke hei āhuatanga taiao tino kitea me te whakangaro. Hei whakatika i tēnei wero, kua kaha te whakatairanga a te kāwanatanga o Indonesia i te hanganga o tētahi Pūnaha Whakatūpato Waipuke Moata (FEWS) hou e ahu mai ana i te Ipurangi o ngā Mea (IoT) me te hangarau matawai matatau i ngā tau tata nei. I roto i ēnei hangarau, ko ngā mita rere radar, ngā ine ua, me ngā pūoko nekehanga te taputapu matua mō te kohikohi raraunga, ā, he mahi nui tā rātou.
Kei raro nei tētahi tauira tono whānui e whakaatu ana i te mahi tahi a ēnei hangarau i roto i te mahi.
I. Papamuri o te Kaupapa: Jakarta me te Rohe Awa o Ciliwung
- Tauwāhi: Te tāone matua o Initonīhia, a Jakarta, me te awa o Ciliwung e rere ana i roto i te tāone.
- Wero: He papaku a Jakarta, ā, he tino kikī te taupori. He ngāwari te waipuke o te awa o Ciliwung i te wā ua, ka puta he waipuke nui ki ngā tāone me ngā awa, ā, ka tū hei mōrearea nui ki te oranga me te taonga. Kāore e taea e ngā tikanga whakatūpato tuku iho e whakawhirinaki ana ki te tirotiro ā-ringa te whakatutuki i te hiahia mō ngā whakatūpato wawe tere me te tika.
II. He Akoranga Taipitopito mō te Whakamahinga Hangarau
Ko te FEWS i tēnei rohe he pūnaha aunoa e whakauru ana i te kohikohi raraunga, te tuku, te tātari, me te horapa. Ko ēnei momo pūoko e toru e hanga ana i ngā "io pūoko" o te pūnaha.
1. Ine Ua – Te “Tīmatanga” o te Whakatūpato Moata
- Hangarau me te Mahi: Ka tāutahia ngā ine ua peere takahuri ki ngā wāhi matua o te rohe wai o runga o te awa o Ciliwung (hei tauira, te rohe o Bogor). Ka inehia e rātou te kaha me te kohikohinga o te ua mā te tatau i te maha o ngā wā ka taka te peere iti i muri i te whakakī ki te wai ua. Ko ēnei raraunga te whakaurunga tuatahi me te mea tino nui mō te matapae waipuke.
- Horopaki Taupānga: Te aro turuki i te ua i ngā rohe o runga. Ko te ua nui te tino take o te pikinga o ngā taumata o te awa. Ka tukuna ngā raraunga i te wā tūturu ki tētahi pokapū tukatuka raraunga matua mā roto i ngā whatunga ahokore (hei tauira, GSM/GPRS, LoRaWAN rānei).
- Tūranga: Te whakarato whakatūpato e pā ana ki te ua. Mena ka nui ake te kaha o te ua i tētahi wāhi i te paepae kua whakaritea i roto i tētahi wā poto, ka tukuna aunoa e te pūnaha he whakatūpato tuatahi, e tohu ana i te tūponotanga o te waipuke ki raro, ā, ka hoko wā nui mō te urupare i muri mai.
2. Mita Rere Radar – Te "Kanohi Mataara" Matua
- Hangarau me te Mahi: Ka tāutahia ngā mita rere radar kore-pā (he maha ngā wā ka uru atu ngā pūoko taumata wai radar me ngā pūoko tere mata radar) ki runga i ngā piriti, ki ngā pareparenga rānei i te taha o te awa o Ciliwung me ōna manga matua. Ka ine tika i te teitei o te taumata wai (H) me te tere mata o te awa (V) mā te tuku i ngā ngaruiti ki te mata o te wai me te whiwhi i ngā tohu whakaata.
- Horopaki Whakamahinga: Ka whakakapia e rātou ngā pūoko whakapā tuku iho (pēnei i ngā pūoko ultrasonic, ngā pūoko pēhanga rānei), he ngāwari ki te ārai, ā, me nui ake te tiaki. Kāore te hangarau radar e pāngia e te paru, te nui o te paru, me te waikura, ā, he tino pai mō ngā āhuatanga o te awa o Initonīhia.
- Tūranga:
- Te Aroturukitanga Taumata Wai: Ka aro turuki i ngā taumata o te awa i te wā tonu; ka whakaoho tonu i ngā whakatūpato i ngā taumata rerekē ina hipa te taumata o te wai i ngā paepae whakatūpato.
- Tātai Rere: Mā te whakamahi i ngā raraunga whakawhiti awa kua whakaritea i mua, ka tātai aunoa te pūnaha i te rerenga wai o te awa i te wā tūturu (Q = A * V, ko A te horahanga whakawhiti). He tohu wai pūtaiao ake te rerenga wai i te taumata wai anake, e whakarato ana i te pikitia tika ake o te tauine me te kaha o te waipuke.
3. Pūoko Nekehanga – Te "Aroturuki Hauora" o te Hanganga
- Hangarau me te Mahi: Ka tāutahia ngā mita pakaru me ngā mita hurihuri ki ngā hanganga whakahaere waipuke nui, pērā i ngā pareparenga, ngā pakitara pupuri, me ngā tautoko piriti. Ka taea e ēnei pūoko nekehanga te aroturuki mēnā kei te pakaru, kei te tau, kei te hurihuri rānei tētahi hanganga me te taumata mirimita, teitei ake rānei te tika.
- Horopaki Taupānga: He take nui te totohu whenua i ētahi wāhi o Jakarta, ā, he tūponotanga roa tēnei ki te haumaru o ngā hanganga whakahaere waipuke pērā i ngā pareparenga wai. Kua whakatūria ngā pūoko nekehanga ki ngā wāhanga matua e tūpono ana te puta o ngā mōrearea.
- Tūranga: Whakatūpato i te haumaru hanganga. I te wā waipuke, ka nui te pēhanga o ngā awaawa ki ngā taumata wai teitei. Ka taea e ngā pūoko nekehanga te kite i ngā whakarerekētanga iti o te hanganga. Mena ka tere ake, ka nui ake rānei te tere o te whakarerekētanga i te paepae haumaru, ka tukuna he whakaoho e te pūnaha, hei tohu i te mōrearea o ngā āhuatanga kino tuarua pēnei i te pakaru o te tāhuna, i ngā horo whenua rānei. Mā tēnei ka ārahi i ngā whakawāteatanga me ngā whakatikatika ohorere, ka ārai i ngā hua kino rawa atu.
III. Te Whakaurunga Pūnaha me te Rerenga Mahi
Kāore ēnei pūoko e mahi takitahi engari e mahi tahi ana mā roto i tētahi tūāpapa whakauru:
- Kohikohi Raraunga: Ka kohia aunoatia, ka kohia tonutia hoki e ia pūoko ngā raraunga.
- Tuku Raraunga: Ka tukuna ngā raraunga i te wā tūturu ki tētahi tūmau raraunga ā-rohe, ā-pokapū rānei mā roto i ngā whatunga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ahokore.
- Tātari Raraunga me te Whakatau: Ka whakauruhia e te pūmanawa whakatauira wai i te pokapū ngā raraunga ua, taumata wai, me te tukunga wai hei whakahaere i ngā whakatauira matapae waipuke, hei matapae i te wā e tae mai ai me te tauine o te tihi waipuke. I te wā kotahi, ka tātarihia motuhaketia ngā raraunga pūoko nekehanga hei aromatawai i te pumau o ngā hanganga.
- Te Whakatakotoranga Whakatūpato: Ina nui ake te raraunga kotahi, te huinga raraunga rānei i ngā paepae kua whakaritea i mua, ka tukuna e te pūnaha ngā whakatūpato i ngā taumata rerekē mā roto i ngā momo hongere pērā i te SMS, ngā taupānga pūkoro, ngā pāpāho pāpori, me ngā haona ki ngā tari kāwanatanga, ngā tari urupare ohorere, me te marea i ngā hapori tahataha awa.
IV. Te Whai Huatanga me ngā Wero
- Te Whai Huatanga:
- Te Wā Arataki Kua Whakanuia: Kua pai ake ngā wā whakatūpato mai i ētahi haora noa iho i mua ki te 24-48 haora ināianei, ā, kua tino whakarei ake i ngā āheinga urupare ohorere.
- Te Whakatau Pūtaiao: He tika ake, he whai hua ake hoki ngā whakahau whakatahe me te tohatoha rauemi, e ahu mai ana i ngā raraunga wā-tūturu me ngā tauira tātari.
- Te Whakaiti i te Ngaronga o te Ora me te Taonga: Mā ngā whakatūpato wawe ka ārai tika i ngā aituā me te whakaiti i te kino o ngā taonga.
- Te Aroturukitanga Haumaru o ngā Hanganga: Ka taea te aroturuki i te hauora o ngā hanganga whakahaere waipuke me te atamai i ia wā.
- Ngā Wero:
- Ngā Utu Hanga me te Tiaki: He nui te haumitanga tuatahi me ngā utu tiaki tonu e hiahiatia ana mō tētahi whatunga pūoko e kapi ana i tētahi rohe whānui.
- Te Taupoki Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero: He wero tonu te pumau o te taupoki whatunga i ngā wāhi maunga tūroa.
- Te Mōhiotanga o te Iwi: Me whai tonu i ngā akoranga me ngā mahi whakaharatau kia tae atu ai ngā karere whakatūpato ki ngā kaiwhakamahi, kia akiaki ai hoki i a rātou ki te mahi tika.
Whakamutunga
Kei te hanga a Indonesia, inā koa i ngā wāhi waipuke nui pēnei i a Jakarta, i tētahi pūnaha whakatūpato waipuke pakari ake mā te whakamahi i ngā whatunga pūoko matatau e tohuhia ana e ngā mita rere radar, ngā ine ua, me ngā pūoko nekehanga. E whakaatu mārama ana tēnei rangahau take me pēhea te huri i te tauira aroturuki whakauru—te whakakotahi i te rangi (aroturuki ua), te whenua (aroturuki awa), me te hangarau (aroturuki hanganga)—i te tauira o te urupare āwhati mai i te whakaoranga i muri i te huihuinga ki te whakatūpato i mua i te huihuinga me te aukati matatau, e whakarato ana i ngā wheako mahi whai hua mō ngā whenua me ngā rohe e pāngia ana e ngā wero rite puta noa i te ao.
He huinga katoa o ngā tūmau me te pūmanawa ahokore, e tautoko ana i te RS485 GPRS /4g/WIFI/LORA/LORAWAN
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Wā tuku: Hepetema-22-2025