I tīmata tonu a Hung i te whakapūngao hau ohorere, ā, i tīmata hoki i tētahi whakawhiti wai. E whā tekau mā waru hāora i muri mai, e toru ngā pāmu kōura e tata ana, kāore i whakamahia te pūnaha, i mate nui, ā, neke atu i te kotahi miriona tāra te ngaronga, ā, i raro iho i te 5% āna ngaronga.
"I taua wā, i whakaatuhia e te pūoko tuku iho te hāora rewa noa," te mahara o Hung.
I whakaatuhia e te pepa ma o te tau 2023 na te Asian Aquaculture Society tētahi meka whakamiharo: tata ki te 85% o ngā pakarutanga nui o ngā mate ahumoana ka puta mai i mua i ngā rerekētanga o ngā tawhā wai, he maha ngā wā ka ngaro nā ngā tikanga aroturuki.
"Ko te raruraru ko te koretake o ngā āhuatanga aroturuki," te kī a Ahorangi Li Minghao, Kaiwhakahaere o te Pokapū mō te Hangarau Koiora Wai i te Whare Wānanga o Singapore. "Ko te hekenga o te hāora rewa he hua tonu o te hekenga o te kounga o te wai, ehara i te mea koia te pūtake. Ko ngā tohu whakatūpato tūturu e huna ana i roto i ngā huringa e pā ana ki ngā tawhā pēnei i te COD me te pH."
E whā ngā Wāhi Matapo Aroturuki Nui e Whakangaromanga Marie ana i ngā Pāmu
1. Te Wāhi Matapo o te COD: Te 'Kaikohuru Wahangu' o te Parahanga Ora
I roto i te take o Vietnam, ko te pikinga o te COD kāore i kitea i tohu i te kohikohinga o ngā para kai me ngā paru. I te pirau o ēnei mea rauropi, ka pau te hāora, ka puta hoki ngā paitini pērā i te haukini me te nitrite. He maha ngā wā ka kitea noa te raruraru e ngā kaipāmu tuku iho ina whakaatu ngā ika i ngā tohu paitini.
2. Te Pūmautanga Tinihanga o te pH
E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau mai i UC Davis ka taea e ngā panonitanga pH iti (±0.3) te whakanui ake i te paitini haukini mā te 3-5 ngā wā. He maha ngā pūoko pH pāmu kāore i te tino tika, kāore hoki i te tika te whakatikatika, ā, ka waiho ngā ika kia mōrearea i raro i ngā "pānui noa".
3. Te Mahanga Pāmahana o te Wā
Mō ia pikinga o te pāmahana 1°C, ka piki ake te pākia o te ika mā te 10%, ka piki ake te hiahia mō te hāora. Ki te kore ngā kaimahi pāmu e whakarerekē i ngā tere whāngai i te wā e mahana haere ana te kōanga, ka hua ake te pikinga tere o te COD i te nui o te kai. Ka tatau aunoa ngā pūnaha 5-i roto-i-te-1 i ngā tauwehenga utu pāmahana, ka whakarato i ngā paepae whakatūpato hihiri.
4. Te Ahumahi: Te Kaitiaki mō te Parahanga o Waho
I tētahi aituā parahanga o Guangdong i te tau 2023, i kitea tuatahitia e tētahi pūoko kawe hiko te turuturu o te wai para mai i tētahi wheketere tata, ā, i hoatu he wā ohorere e 8 hāora ki te kaiahuwhenua, ā, i ārai i te matenga o te 200 tana o te ika tau.
Te Aranga Hou o te Hangarau: Me Pēhea te Hanga Anō a ngā Pūoko 5-i-te-1 i te Arorau Aroturuki Ahuwhenua
Mai i ngā Pūwāhi Raraunga Takitahi ki ngā 'Tohu Ora' o te Pūnaha Rauropi
Ehara i te whakaurunga noa iho te whakatupuranga hou o ngā pūoko 5-i roto-i te-1; e whakamahi ana rātou i ngā rauropi kua arotauhia mō te mahi ahuwhenua ika hei whakatutuki i te hononga atamai i waenga i ngā tawhā:
Pūmanawa Matua: Tāurangi Mōrearea Wai (WRI)
tuhinga
WRI = 0.35×Tauwehenga_Au_COD + 0.25×Reiti_Whakaheke_DO +
0.20×Kaute_Ph_Anomaly + 0.15×Pāmahana_Rerekētanga +
0.05×Tauwehenga_Pīkoi_Arahiko
Ina neke atu i te 0.7 te WRI, ka tukuna aunoa e te pūnaha ngā whakatūpato mōrearea nui me ngā tohu motuhake.
E whakaatu ana ngā raraunga whakamātautau parae mai i te kamupene hangarau ahumoana o Nōwei, a AquaSense, e whakarato ana tēnei pūnaha i te wā whakatūpato wawe toharite mō ngā mate noa, arā, 38 hāora, me te motuhaketanga mō ngā mate kitakita (pēnei i te vibriosis) e eke ana ki te 89%.
Tautoko Whakatau Wā-tūturu mō te Ahuwhenua Tika
I tētahi pāmu kōura kaha i Pattaya, Thailand, ka taea e te pūnaha 5-i-te-1 te urupare taumata-toru:
Whakatūpato Kōwhai (WRI 0.5-0.7): Whakatikatikahia te hau, whakaitihia te whāngai
Whakatūpato Karaka (WRI 0.7-0.85): Whakawhiti wai ā-wāhanga, tāpirihia he probiotics
Whakatūpato Whero (WRI > 0.85): Whakawhiti wai ohorere, tīmatahia te maimoatanga
Nā tēnei pūnaha i āwhina te pāmu ki te whakaiti i te whakamahinga o ngā paturopi mā te 67% me te whakapiki ake i te oranga o ngā tipu kōura mā te 22% i te wā 2023-2024.
Tātaritanga Utu-Painga: Te ROI o te Aroturukitanga Maamaa
Whakataurite ROI mō ngā Pāmu o ngā Tauine Rerekē
Ngaronga ā-Tau Tauine Pāmu (Tuku Iho) Pūnaha 5-i-te-1 Te Whakaiti Ngaronga ā-Tau Wā Whakahoki Utu
Iti (<1.5 eka) $12,000 $3,200 $8,500 4.5 marama
Waenga (1.5-7.5 eka) $85,000 $18,000 $62,000 3.5 marama
Nui (>7.5 eka) $420,000 $75,000 $310,000 2.9 marama
Puna: Pūrongo ā-Tau 2024 a te International Smart Aquaculture Alliance
Uara Tāpiri mai i te Inihuarangi me te Tiwhikete
Ngā Whakahekenga Utu Inihuarangatia: Ka taea e ngā pāmu e whakamahi ana i ngā pūnaha whaimana te whiwhi whakahekenga utu inihua 15-25%.
Whakaterenga Tiwhikete: E tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga aroturuki raraunga mō ngā tiwhikete pēnei i te BAP a GAA.
Te Hiranga o te Mākete: Ka taea e ngā hua mai i te "pāmu mārama" me ngā raraunga wai tonu te piki ake i te utu o te 8-15%.
Ngā Tauira Whakamahinga Ao Whānui: Angitu mai i te Hāmana ki te Tuna
Te Mana Whakahaere Tika i roto i te Mahi Ahuwhenua o te Hāmana Moana Hōhonu o Nōwei
I te tau 2023, i whakatinanahia e te kamupene hāmana nui o te ao, a Mowi, ngā pūnaha 5-i roto-i te-1 puta noa i te 20 pāmu. Mā te aroturuki i te ōwehenga motuhake i waenga i te COD me te DO, i angitu te pūnaha ki te matapae i te 93% o ngā raruraru o te hāora, me te whakaiti i te mate o te hāmana mai i te toharite ahumahi o te 3.2% ki te 1.4%. Mā tēnei anake ka penapenahia e te kamupene tata ki te $45 miriona ia tau i roto i ngā mate kua karohia.
Te Aranga Hou i roto i te Whakatipu Tuna Hapanihi
He tino pāngia ngā para tuna e ngā huringa taiao, ā, he maha ngā wā ka ora ngā tuna i raro iho i te 35%. Whai muri i te whakaurunga o te pūnaha 5-i roto i te-1, i tutuki i te Nagasaki Prefectural Fisheries Research Institute te ora o te tuna ki te 61% mā te pupuri tika i te COD i roto i te 8-15 mg/L me te DO i roto i te 6.5-7.2 mg/L—te "awhe koura"—ka whakatakoto i tētahi rekoata hou mō te ahumahi.
Whakapai ake i te kounga mō te pāpaka mite Hainamana
I whakaatuhia e ngā whakamātautau a te Rōpū Kaiahuwhenua Pāpaka o Yangcheng Lake, i roto i ngā roto i aroturukitia me te pūnaha 5-i roto-i te-1, i puta he pāpaka he 18% te rahi toharite, ā, he 27% te teitei ake o te kaute kī tonu o te uma. I te tau 2023, i hokona e ēnei pāpaka "i whakatipuhia e ngā raraunga" he 32% te utu nui i te hokohoko.
Ara Whakatinanatanga: He Whakawhitinga e Toru-Taumata mai i te Tuku Iho ki te Atamai
Wāhanga 1: Te Tātaritanga o te Raru (1-2 Wiki)
Tāutahia kia 1-2 ngā huinga pūoko 5-i roto-i te-1 ki roto i ngā roto e tika ana.
Whakatūria he raraunga tūāpapa mō te kounga wai mō ngā rā 7-14.
Tāutuhia ngā tawhā matua mōrearea me ngā tauira huringa.
Wāhanga 2: Arotau ā-Rohe (1-2 Marama)
Whakarerekētia ngā rautaki whāngai me te whakapūngao hau i runga i ngā raraunga.
Whakatūria ngā tikanga whakatūpato paepae matua.
Whakangunguhia ngā tohunga hangarau ki te whakamārama raraunga taketake.
Wāhanga 3: Whakahaere Atamai Whānui (3-6 Marama)
Whakatūria he whatunga pūoko pae-katoa.
Whakauruhia ki ngā pūnaha whakahaere aunoa (ngā kaiwhakahaere hau, ngā whāngai, ngā papu).
Whakatinanahia te whakahaere ārai mate e ahu mai ana i te tauira matapae.
Te Anamata o te Ahumahi: Ngā Auahatanga mō te tau 2025-2030
Te Huinga Hangarau
Ngā Tauira Matapae AI: Ka roa ake ngā wā whakatūpato i ngā rauropi ako hōhonu ki tua atu i te 72 hāora.
Te Aroturukitanga o te Poraka mekameka: Ka whakarei ake ngā mekameka raraunga kounga wai pumau i te mana o te hua.
Whakaurunga Raraunga Amiorangi: Ka whakauru i ngā raraunga taiao whānui pēnei i te pāmahana wai me te chlorophyll.
Ngā Atekōkiri Kaupapahere
Ka whakaurua e te EU te aroturukitanga tonu o te wai ki roto i ngā whakaritenga mō te oranga tonutanga mō ngā kawemaitanga ahumoana i te tau 2025.
Kei te whakawhanake te Manatū Ahuwhenua o Haina i tētahi rārangi pūtea tautoko mō ngā taputapu ahuwhenua ika atamai.
He maha ngā umanga pūtea o te ao e whakarārangi ana i ngā pūnaha aroturuki atamai hei kaupapa matua mō ngā nama matomato.
Te Whakaurunga o te Mākete
E matapaetia ana ka heke te utu o ngā pūoko 5-i-te-1 mā te 15-20% ia tau.
Hei te tau 2028, ka whakatinanahia e te 50% o ngā pāmu o te ao te aroturukitanga maha-tawhā.
Mā ngā tauira Pūoko-hei-Ratonga (SaaS) ka whakaitihia te arai whakauru mō ngā kaipupuri whenua iti.
Ngā Tirohanga a ngā Tohunga: Te 'Ao Mamati Hou o te Whakatere' a te Ahuwhenua Wai
"Kei te tomo tātou ki te 'Ao Mamati Hou o te Whakatere' o te mahi ahumoana," te kōrero a George Chamberlain, te Perehitini o te World Aquaculture Society. "I mua, i whakatere mātou i ngā wai mā te wheako. Ināianei, ka homai e ngā pūoko 5-i-te-1 he 'kaute kounga wai' me ngā 'kāpehu whakatūpato wawe'. Ehara i te mea he auahatanga hangarau noa iho tēnei engari he panonitanga tauira i roto i ngā tikanga whakaputa ahumoana."
I tāpiri atu a Tākuta Alisha Chen, te Kairangahau Matua i te TurtleTree Aqua Lab o Singapore: "E kore te whakataetae i roto i ngā tau e rima e whai ake nei e pā ana ki te tauine engari ki te tika o ngā raraunga me te tere o te urupare. Ko ngā kaipāmu e taea ana, ā, e mahi ana i ngā wawaotanga tika, ka toa i te mākete me ngā hua."
Whakamutunga: Te Huringa Tauira mai i te 'Whakaora i te Ahuwhenua' ki te 'Āhuwhenua Ārai'
Ko ngā pūnaha aroturuki atamai, e whakaatuhia ana e te pūoko COD 5-i roto-i-te-1, e tohu ana i te whakawhiti a te mahi ahuwhenua mai i te "maimoatanga mate" kore mahi ki te "ārai hauora" kaha. Ko ia āhuatanga rerekē o te kounga wai me ia raruraru ahuwhenua i karohia angitu, kei te hanga anō i te heke mai o tēnei ahumahi tawhito.
Ina taea e ngā kaimahi pāmu te "mārama" ki te wai e tukuna ana, ehara rātou i te hunga "matapo" e whawhai ana engari he "kāpene" e kaha ana ki te kite i ngā huringa me te whakatere tika. I tēnei wā o te koretake, ko te whakahaere tika e ahu mai ana i ngā raraunga kei te noho hei taputapu pono rawa atu mō te ahuwhenua ika hei whakaiti i ngā mōrearea me te haumarutanga kai.
Ka taea hoki e mātou te whakarato i ngā momo otinga mō
1. Mita ringaringa mō te kounga wai maha-tawhā
2. Pūnaha Puai Mānu mō te kounga wai maha-taumata
3. Paraihe horoi aunoa mō te pūoko wai maha-tawhā
4. He huinga katoa o ngā tūmau me te pūmanawa ahokore, e tautoko ana i te RS485 GPRS /4g/WIFI/LORA/LORAWAN
Mō ētahi atu mōhiohio e pā ana ki ngā pūoko,
tēnā whakapā atu ki a Honde Technology Co., LTD.
Email: info@hondetech.com
Paetukutuku a te kamupene:www.hondetechco.com
Waea: +86-15210548582
Wā tuku: Hakihea-24-2025