Mai i ngā hapa o te wheketere ki te parahanga hau: Me pēhea te tiaki a ngā pūoko hau i te tonga-mā-rāwhiti o Āhia

Ko Āhia ki te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti, tētahi o ngā rohe ōhanga tino tere te tipu o te ao, kei te tere haere te ahumahi, te noho tāone, me te tipu o te taupori. Nā tēnei tukanga i puta ai he hiahia nui mō te aroturuki i te kounga o te hau, te whakapūmau i te haumaru ahumahi, me te tiaki taiao. Ko ngā pūoko hau, hei hangarau pūoko nui, kei te whai wāhi nui. Ko ngā mea e whai ake nei ko ētahi o ngā wāhanga tono matua me ngā tauira motuhake o tēnei hangarau i Āhia ki te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti.

1. Haumaru Ahumahi me te Whakahaere Tukanga

Koinei te wāhi tono tuku iho me te tino hira mō ngā pūoko hau. He maha ngā whare hanga, ngā wheketere matū, ngā whare whakapai hinu, me ngā whare haurua-ira kei te Tonga-Rawhiti o Āhia.

• Ngā horopaki tono:
  • Te Aroturuki i ngā turuturu hau mura me te paitini: I roto i ngā wheketere hinu matū, ngā teihana hau māori, me ngā whare rokiroki matū, te aroturukitanga wā-tūturu mō ngā turuturu o ngā hau pēnei i te methane, te propane, te hauwai whanariki, te waro haukino, me te haukini hei ārai i ngā ahi, ngā pahūtanga, me ngā aituā paitini.
  • Te Aroturuki i te Tomokanga ki ngā Wāhi Herekore: Te whakamahi i ngā taputapu kite hau kawe hei tirotiro i ngā taumata hāora, ngā hau mura, me ngā hau paitini motuhake i mua i te tomonga o ngā kaimahi ki ngā wāhi herekore pērā i ngā taunga kaipuke, ngā tāke maimoatanga paru, me ngā kauhanga raro whenua hei whakarite i te haumaru o ngā kaimahi.
  • Te Arotau i te Tukanga me te Whakahaere Kounga: Te whakahaere tika i te kukū o ngā hau motuhake (hei tauira, te hauhā waro, te hāora) i roto i ngā tukanga pēnei i te whakapūtanga kai me te inu me te hanga haurua-ira hei whakarite i te kounga o te hua me te whai huatanga o te whakaputa.
• Ngā Akoranga Take:
  • Kua whakatūria e tētahi Whare Whakamahana Hinu Nui i Whitināmu tētahi whatunga o ngā rau pūoko hau pumau puta noa i tōna whare, e hono ana ki tētahi pūnaha whakahaere matua. Mēnā ka kitea he turuturu hau warowaihā, ka whakaoho tonu te pūnaha i ngā whakaoho oro me ngā whakaoho tirohanga, ā, ka taea te whakahohe aunoa i ngā pūnaha hauhautanga, te kati rānei i ngā takirere e tika ana, hei whakaiti i ngā mōrearea aituā.
  • Kei te whakamahia whānuitia e ngā kamupene o Jurong Island Chemical Park i Singapore, he pokapū matū matua o te ao, ngā pūoko Whakaahua-ionization (PID) matatau hei kite i ngā turuturu iti o ngā Matū Waro Waro (VOC), e āhei ai te whakatūpato wawe me te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga taiao.

2. Te Aroturuki i te Kounga Hau o te Tāone me te Hauora Tūmatanui

He maha ngā tāone nui o Āhia ki te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti, pērā i a Jakarta, Bangkok, me Manila, e pāngia ana e ngā raruraru parahanga hau tonu mai i te pūngao o ngā waka me ngā tukunga ahumahi. Kei te piki haere tonu te āwangawanga o te marea mō ngā taiao manawa hauora.

• Ngā horopaki tono:
  • Ngā Teihana Aroturuki Hau Ā-Taone: Ngā teihana aroturuki tino tika i whakatūria e ngā tari taiao a te kāwanatanga hei ine i ngā poke paerewa pēnei i te PM2.5, te PM10, te hauhā whanariki (SO₂), te hauhā hauota (NO₂), te ozone (O₃), me te hauhā waro (CO). Ka whakaputaina e rātou te Air Quality Index (AQI) hei whakamōhio i ngā kaupapa here a te iwi.
  • Whatunga Pūoko-iti: Te whakatinana i ngā pūnga pūoko hau iti, iti te utu, ki roto i ngā hapori, huri noa i ngā kura, me ngā hōhipera tata ki te hanga i tētahi whatunga aroturuki kiato nui, e whakarato ana i ngā raraunga kounga hau ā-rohe taipitopito ake, ā-wā tūturu.
  • Ngā Pūrere Kawe Whaiaro: Ka whakamahia e ngā tāngata ngā aroturuki kounga hau ka taea te mau, ka taea te pupuri rānei, hei tirotiro i ngā taumata parahanga i roto i tō rātou taiao tonu, kia taea ai ngā whakatau tiaki pēnei i te mau kopare, te whakaiti rānei i ngā mahi o waho.
• Ngā Akoranga Take:
  • I mahi tahi te Whakahaere Tāone Matua o Bangkok i Thailand me ngā umanga rangahau ki te whakatinana i ngā rau o ngā pūoko kounga hau moroiti e ahu mai ana i te IoT puta noa i te tāone. Ka tukuatuhia e ēnei pūoko ngā raraunga ki te kapua i te wā tūturu, ka taea e ngā tāngata whenua te tirotiro i ngā taumata PM2.5 me te ozone i roto i ō rātou rohe mā te taupānga pūkoro, ka whakarato i ngā whakahōutanga matotoru ake, auau ake hoki i ngā teihana tuku iho.
  • I roto i ngā akomanga, i whakauruhia he pūoko hauhā waro (CO₂) ki tētahi kaupapa "Kura Atamai" i Jakarta, Initonīhia. Ina piki ake ngā taumata CO₂ nā te nui o te tangata e noho ana, ka whakaoho aunoa ngā pūoko i ngā pūnaha hauhautanga hei whakahou i te hau, hei āwhina i te whakapai ake i te arotahi me te hauora o ngā ākonga.

3. Ahuwhenua me te Whakatipu Kararehe

He poutokomanawa te ahuwhenua i roto i te ōhanga i roto i te maha o ngā whenua o Āhia ki te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti. Ko te whakamahinga o ngā pūoko hau kei te akiaki i te whakawhiti o te ahuwhenua tuku iho ki te ahuwhenua tika me te ahuwhenua atamai.

• Ngā horopaki tono:
  • Whakahaere Taiao Whare Kakariki: Te aroturuki i ngā taumata CO₂ i roto i ngā whare kakariki matatau me te tuku i te CO₂ hei "tonguru hau" hei whakarei ake i te photosynthesis, kia nui ake ai te hua me te kounga o ngā huawhenua me ngā putiputi.
  • Haumaru Rokiroki Witi: Te aroturuki i ngā kukū o te hauhā waro, te phosphine rānei i roto i ngā silo nui. Mā te pikinga rerekē o te CO₂ ka tohu pea i te pirau nā te mahi a te pepeke, te harore rānei. He mea whakapūkara noa te phosphine, ā, me tino whakahaere tōna kukū kia whai hua ai te whakahaere pepeke me te haumaru mahi.
  • Te Aroturukitanga o te Taiao Kararehe: Te aroturuki tonu i ngā taumata o ngā hau kino pērā i te haukini (NH₃) me te hauwai whanariki (H₂S) i roto i ngā whare heihei me ngā whare kararehe kua kati. Ka pāngia te hauora o ngā kararehe e ēnei hau, ka puta ai te mate me te whakaroa i te tipu. Ka taea e ngā pūoko te whakaoho i ngā pūnaha hauhautanga hei whakapai ake i te taiao o roto.
• Ngā Akoranga Take:
  • Kei te whakamahia e te Pāmu Kākāriki Atamai i Mareia ngā pūoko CO₂ e hangai ana ki te hangarau NDIR (Non-Dispersive Infrared), me te pūnaha whakahaere aunoa, hei pupuri i ngā taumata CO₂ tino pai (hei tauira, 800-1200 ppm) mō te tipu o ngā tipu, ka piki ake te hua o te tōmato tata ki te 30%.
  • I tāutahia e tētahi Pāmu Manu Nui i Thailand tētahi whatunga pūoko haukini ki roto i ōna whare heihei. Ina nui ake ngā kukū haukini i te paepae kua whakaritea, ka whakahohe aunoa ngā pā hau me ngā pūnaha papa whakamatao, ka whakaitihia ngā mate manawa i roto i te kahui me te whakaiti i te whakamahinga o ngā paturopi.

4. Te Aroturuki Taiao me te Whakatūpato Āhuatanga Kino

He ngāwari te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti o Āhia ki ngā āhuatanga āwhati whenua, ā, he rohe nui e āwangawangahia ana e te huringa āhuarangi.

• Ngā horopaki tono:
  • Te Aroturuki i te Wāhi Para me te Maimoatanga Wai Para: Te aro turuki i te whakaputanga methane me ngā tukunga hei ārai i ngā mōrearea pahūtanga me te whakarato raraunga mō ngā kaupapa whakaora koiora me te whakaputa hiko. Te aro turuki hoki i ngā hau kakara pēnei i te hauwai whanariki hei whakaiti i te pānga ki ngā hapori huri noa.
  • Te Aroturuki i ngā Mahi Puia: I ngā whenua e kaha ana te mahi puia pērā i a Indonesia me Philippines, ka whakamahia e ngā kaipūtaiao ngā pūoko hauhā whanariki (SO₂) ki te taha o ngā puia. Ko te pikinga o ngā tukunga SO₂ he tohu i te pikinga o ngā mahi puia, e whakarato ana i ngā raraunga nui mō ngā whakatūpato puia.
  • Whakatūpato Moata mō te Ahi Ngāhere: Mā te whakamahi i ngā pūoko hauhā me te paowa waro i roto i ngā ngahere tāpoi o Sumatra me Kalimantan, Initonīhia, ka taea te kite i ngā ahi e mura ana i mua i te putanga mai o ngā mura e kitea ana, ā, ka taea te wawao wawe.
• Ngā Akoranga Take:
  • Kua whakatūhia e te Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Ruismology (PHIVOLCS) he whatunga aroturuki whānui, tae atu ki ngā pūoko hau, huri noa i ngā puia hohe pērā i a Mayon. Mā ngā raraunga SO₂ wā-tūturu ka taea e rātou te aromatawai tika ake i te tūnga o te puia me te whakawātea i ngā kainoho ina tika.
  • Ka whakamahia e te Tari Taiao ā-Motu o Hingaiapoa (NEA) te pūoko mamao amiorangi me ngā pūoko whenua hei aroturuki tata i te parahanga kohu whakawhiti-rohe mai i ngā whenua tata. He taputapu nui ngā pūoko hau (hei tauira, mō te CO me te PM2.5) mō te aroturuki i te kawe kohu me te aromatawai i tōna pānga.

Ngā Wero me ngā Auahatanga o te Ao

Ahakoa te whānui o te whakamahinga, kei te pāngia te whakaurunga o ngā pūoko hau i te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti o Āhia e ngā wero pēnei i te pānga o te pāmahana me te haumākū tiketike ki te roa o te ora me te pumau o ngā pūoko, te korenga o ngā kaimahi mohio mō te tiaki me te whakatikatika, me te hiahia kia whakamanahia te tika o ngā raraunga mai i ngā pūoko utu iti.

I te tirohanga whakamua, me te whanaketanga o te IoT, te Raraunga Nui, me te Matauranga Horihori (AI), ka hohonu ake ngā tono pūoko hau:

• Te Hononga Raraunga me te Tātari: Te whakauru i ngā raraunga pūoko hau ki ētahi atu puna pēnei i ngā raraunga huarere, ngā raraunga waka, me ngā raraunga amiorangi, me te whakamahi i ngā rauropi AI mō te tātari matapae (hei tauira, te matapae i te kounga o te hau, i ngā mōrearea rahunga rānei o ngā taputapu ahumahi).
• Te Whakaiti Tonu i ngā Utu me te Whānuitanga: Mā ngā whanaketanga o te hangarau Micro-Electro-Mīhini (MEMS) ka iti ake te utu me te iti ake o ngā pūoko, ka akiaki i te whakamahinga nui i roto i ngā tāone atamai me ngā kāinga atamai.

Whakamutunga

I roto i te whenua hihiri o Āhia ki te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti, kua whanake ngā pūoko hau mai i ngā taputapu haumaru ahumahi māmā ki ngā taputapu maha-whakamahinga hei tiaki i te hauora o te marea, hei whakarei ake i te whai huatanga o te ahuwhenua, me te tiaki i te taiao. I te haere tonu o te whanaketanga o te hangarau me te whānui haere o ngā whakamahinga, ka noho tonu ēnei "ihu hiko" hei kaitiaki ngaro, hei whakarato i tētahi turanga raraunga pakari mō te whanaketanga pumau o Āhia ki te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti.