E whakaatu ana tētahi rangahau hou i te pānga o ngā poke o ngā mahi a te tangata ki tō rātou kaha ki te kimi i ngā putiputi
I te taha o ngā huarahi pukumahi katoa, ka iri ngā toenga o te hauā o ngā motuka i te rangi, tae atu ki ngā waikura hauota me te ozone. Ka rere ēnei poke, e tukuna ana hoki e te maha o ngā whare ahumahi me ngā tipu hiko, i te rangi mō ngā hāora, ki ngā tau rānei. Kua roa e mōhio ana ngā kaipūtaiao he kino ēnei matū ki te hauora o te tangata. Engari i nāianei, kei te piki haere ngā taunakitanga e kī ana ko ēnei poke anō hoki ka uaua ake te oranga mō ngā pepeke whakapūpū me ngā tipu e whakawhirinaki ana ki a rātou.
Ka tauhohe ngā momo poke hau rerekē ki ngā matū e hanga ana i te kakara o te putiputi, ka whakarerekē i te nui me te hanganga o ngā matū i roto i te huarahi e aukati ana i te kaha o te kaiwhakapoipoi ki te kimi i ngā putiputi. Haunga te rapu i ngā tohu tirohanga pēnei i te āhua, te tae rānei o te putiputi, ka whakawhirinaki ngā pepeke ki tētahi "mahere kakara," he huinga o ngā ngota kakara ahurei ki ia momo putiputi, ki te kimi i te tipu e hiahiatia ana e rātou. Ka tauhohe te ozone me ngā waikura hauota o te taumata whenua ki ngā ngota kakara putiputi, ka hanga he matū hou e mahi rerekē ana.
"Kei te tino whakarerekē te kakara e rapuhia ana e te pepeke," te kī a Ben Langford, he kaipūtaiao āhuarangi nō te UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology e rangahau ana i tēnei take.
Ka ako ngā kaiwhakapūhui ki te hono i tētahi huinga ahurei o ngā matū e tukuna ana e te putiputi ki taua momo motuhake me tōna utu huka e pā ana. Ina pā atu ēnei matū pakarukaru ki ngā poke tino tauhohe, ka whakarerekē ngā tauhohenga i te maha o ngā ngota kakara putiputi me te nui o ia momo ngota, ka tino whakarerekē i te kakara.
E mōhio ana ngā kairangahau ka whakaekea e te ozone tētahi momo here waro e kitea ana i roto i ngā ngota kakara putiputi. I tētahi atu taha, he mea ngaro ngā waikura hauota, ā, kāore anō kia mārama te āhua o te tauhohenga matū o ngā ngota kakara putiputi ki tēnei momo matū. "He mea tino nui tēnei mahere kakara mō ngā kaiwhakapūhui, inā koa ngā kaiwhakapūhui rere kaha," te kī a James Ryalls, he kairangahau i Te Whare Wānanga o Reading. "Hei tauira, kei reira ētahi pī e kite noa i te putiputi ina iti iho i te kotahi mita te tawhiti atu i te putiputi, nō reira he mea tino nui te kakara ki a rātou mō te rapu kai."
I tīmata a Langford me ētahi atu mema o tana tīma ki te mārama me pēhea te whakarerekētanga o te ozone i te āhua o te kakara o te pua. I whakamahia e rātou he kauhanga hau me ngā pūoko hei ine i te hanganga o te kapua kakara e hangaia ana e ngā pua ina tukuna e rātou tō rātou kakara motuhake. Kātahi ka tukuna e ngā kairangahau te ozone i ngā kukū e rua, ko tētahi he rite ki te mea e pāngia ana e te UK i te raumati ina teitei ake ngā taumata ozone, ki roto i te kauhanga me ngā ngota kakara putiputi. I kitea e rātou ka kainga e te ozone ngā taha o te kakara, ka whakapoto i te whānui me te roa.
Kātahi ka whakamahia e ngā kairangahau te āhua o te pī honi e mōhiotia ana ko te toronga o te proboscis. Pērā i te kurī a Pavlov, ka huware i te tangi o te pere tina, ka toronga e ngā pī honi tētahi wāhanga o ō rātou waha e mahi ana hei ngongo whāngai, e mōhiotia ana ko te proboscis, hei whakautu ki te kakara e hono ana ki te utu huka. I te wā i tukuna ai e ngā kaipūtaiao te kakara e rongohia ana e rātou e ono mita mai i te pua, ka puta mai ō rātou proboscis i te 52 ōrau o te wā. I heke iho tēnei ki te 38 ōrau o te wā mō te matū kakara e tohu ana i te kakara 12 mita mai i te pua.
Heoi, i te wā i whakamahia ai e rātou ngā panonitanga ōrite ki te kakara e puta ana i roto i te haunga kua pakaruhia e te ozone, 32 ōrau noa iho o te wā i whakautu ngā pī i te tohu ono mita, me te 10 ōrau o te wā i te tohu 12 mita. "Ka kite koe i ēnei hekenga tino nui o te maha o ngā pī ka taea te mōhio ki te kakara," te kī a Langford.
Ko te nuinga o ngā rangahau mō tēnei kaupapa i mahia i roto i ngā taiwhanga, ehara i te parae, i te kāinga tūturu rānei o te pepeke. Hei whakatika i tēnei āputa mātauranga, i whakatūria e ngā kaipūtaiao i Te Whare Wānanga o Reading ētahi papu e pana ana i te hau ozone, i te hau tīhi rānei ki roto i ngā wāhanga o te mara witi. Mā ngā whakamātautau i whakatūria ki roto i ngā mowhiti tuwhera 26-putu te roa ka āwhina i ngā kairangahau ki te aromatawai i ngā pānga o te parahanga o te hau ki ngā momo kaiwhakapoipoi.
I tirotirohia e tētahi rōpū kairangahau ngā huinga tipu māti i roto i ngā wāhi hei tirotiro i ngā kaiwhakatupu purapura. I roto i ētahi rūma he hauhautanga tīhiera i pupuhihia ki roto i ngā taumata i raro iho i ngā paerewa kounga hau taiao a te EPA. I aua wāhi, tae atu ki te 90 ōrau te hekenga o te kaha o ngā pepeke ki te kimi i ngā putiputi e whakawhirinaki ana rātou hei kai. Hei tāpiri, ko ngā tipu māti i whakamahia i roto i te rangahau, ahakoa he putiputi e whakapokepoke ana i a rātou anō, i pāngia e te hekenga tae atu ki te 31 ōrau o te whanaketanga o ngā purapura, he hua pea nā te hekenga o te whakapokepoke mai i te parahanga o te hau.
E whakaatu ana ēnei kitenga he uaua ngā pepeke whakapūpū e pāngia ana e ngā wero motuhake nā te nui o te parahanga o te hau i tēnei wā. Engari ina mahi tahi me ētahi atu wero e pā ana ki ēnei pepeke, tera pea ka puta he raruraru i roto i te parahanga o te hau.
Ka taea e mātou te whakarato i ngā pūoko hei ine i te whānuitanga o ngā hau
Wā tuku: Akuhata-08-2024